Lazarus G S
Office of the Dean, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
J Dermatol. 1996 Nov;23(11):769-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1996.tb02699.x.
Human mast cells contain large quantities of chymotryptic and tryptic proteinases. In human skin, mast cells contain both chymase and tryptase, whereas, in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, mast cells contain primarily tryptase. By contrast, submucosal mast cells in the gastrointestinal tract are of the connective tissue type because they contain both chymase and tryptase. Chymase has a broad array of biological functions which include; activation of angiotensin, cleavage of basement membrane through the lamina lucida, activation of IL1 beta, and potentiation of histamine. Chymase may play a significant role in the control of a variety of biological phenomena. Urticaria pigmentosa is a disease characterized by deposition of "normal" connective tissue mast cells within the skin. The source of these mast cells is the bone marrow and mast cells appear to be deposited within other internal organs in almost all cases. Excretion of histamine and prostaglandin metabolites correlates with the deposition of mast cells in extracutaneous sites. High potency steroids under occlusion for six week results in long-lasting clearing of the cutaneous lesions with minimal side effects.
人类肥大细胞含有大量的糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶。在人类皮肤中，肥大细胞同时含有糜酶和组织蛋白酶，而在胃肠道黏膜中，肥大细胞主要含有组织蛋白酶。相比之下，胃肠道黏膜下肥大细胞属于结缔组织型，因为它们同时含有糜酶和组织蛋白酶。糜酶具有广泛的生物学功能，包括激活血管紧张素、通过透明板裂解基底膜、激活白细胞介素1β以及增强组胺作用。糜酶可能在多种生物学现象的调控中发挥重要作用。色素性荨麻疹是一种以“正常”结缔组织肥大细胞在皮肤内沉积为特征的疾病。这些肥大细胞来源于骨髓，几乎在所有病例中，肥大细胞似乎都沉积在其他内脏器官中。组胺和前列腺素代谢产物的排泄与肥大细胞在皮肤外部位的沉积相关。强效类固醇封闭治疗六周可使皮肤病变长期消退，且副作用最小。
