Străuţ M, Surdeanu M, Oprişan G, Oţelea D, Damian M
Cantacuzino Institute, Bucharest, Romania.
Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol. 1995 Oct-Dec;54(4):241-54.
In the preantibiotic era, many people died of bacterial infections caused by such pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antibiotics have reduced the mortality from infectious diseases but not the prevalence of these diseases. It was not long after the clinical introduction of the first antibiotics in the 1950s that the first reports of bacterial resistance began to appear. Use, and often abuse or misuse, of antimicrobial agents has encouraged the evolution of bacteria toward resistance, resulting often in therapeutic failure. In the beginning, new antibiotics have always appeared in plenty of time to provide new cures for diseases caused by resistant bacterial pathogens. Also, some clinically important groups of bacteria showed no signs of major increases in resistance. For example, S. pneumoniae strains remained susceptible to penicillin long after other bacteria had become resistant to it. Recent developments of bacteria resistance to antibiotics are indeed disquieting.
在抗生素出现之前的时代，许多人死于由金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌和结核分枝杆菌等病原体引起的细菌感染。抗生素降低了传染病的死亡率，但并未降低这些疾病的患病率。20世纪50年代首批抗生素临床应用后不久，就开始出现关于细菌耐药性的首批报告。抗菌药物的使用，以及常常存在的滥用或误用，促使细菌向耐药性进化，常常导致治疗失败。起初，新抗生素总是能及时出现，为耐药细菌病原体引起的疾病提供新的治疗方法。此外，一些临床上重要的细菌群体没有显示出耐药性大幅增加的迹象。例如，在其他细菌对青霉素产生耐药性很久之后，肺炎链球菌菌株对青霉素仍保持敏感。细菌对抗生素耐药性的最新发展确实令人担忧。
