Dhileepan K
Arbovirology Unit, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Attwood, Victoria, Australia.
Med Vet Entomol. 1996 Oct;10(4):375-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00760.x.
Adult female mosquito populations were monitored at weekly intervals during spring-autumn (November-March) for 4 years (1991-95) using dry-ice-baited light traps at forty sites in the Murray Valley of Victoria, Australia. Among twenty species of mosquitoes collected, Culex annulirostris was the most abundant (66.6 +/- 9.3%) followed by Cx australicus (15.3 +/- 7.7%). From a total of 476,682 mosquitoes collected, nearly all were females and only 1295 (0.27%) were males. Mosquito population densities were generally higher in 1992-93 and 1993-94 seasons than in 1991-92 and 1994-95 seasons. Greatest densities of Cx annulirostris and Cx australicus occurred in 1992-93, coinciding with outbreaks of Ross River (RR) and Barmah Forest (BF) arboviruses causing human polyarthritis. In the majority of shires, Cx australicus was the predominant species from spring to early summer (November and December), then was replaced by Cx annulirostris from mid-summer to autumn (January-April). In three shires, Aedes bancroftianus and Ae.sagax predominated during the early part of the season. Densities of both Cx annulirostris and Cx australicus were related to temperature. Cx australicus adults were found to be trapped when the mean ambient temperature exceeded 6 degrees C, with peak population recorded at 20 degrees C. Cx annulirostris adult density increased when the mean temperature rose above 12 degrees C, reaching a peak during February and March when temperature exceeded 25 degrees C. Cx annulirostris declined rapidly from April onwards, with no adult activity evident from May to November. Population densities of Aedes spp. were generally less than reported from earlier studies, possibly due to lower rainfall in spring and summer as well as reduced flood irrigation practices. In each year, a significant correlation was detected between Cx annulirostris density and RR virus incidence in humans. As Cx annulirostris is the predominant local mosquito species and feeds on a wide spectrum of host including man, it seems likely that Cx annulirostris is the major vector of RR in the inland Murray Valley region.
在1991年至1995年的4年时间里，于澳大利亚维多利亚州墨累河谷的40个地点，在春秋季（11月至次年3月）每周使用干冰诱饵诱蚊灯诱捕器监测成年雌性蚊子种群。在所捕获的20种蚊子中，环喙库蚊最为常见（66.6±9.3%），其次是南方库蚊（15.3±7.7%）。在总共捕获的476,682只蚊子中，几乎全为雌性，只有1295只（0.27%）是雄性。蚊子种群密度在1992 - 1993年和1993 - 1994年季节普遍高于1991 - 1992年和1994 - 1995年季节。环喙库蚊和南方库蚊的最高密度出现在1992 - 1993年，与罗斯河（RR）病毒和巴马森林（BF）病毒引发人类多关节炎的疫情同时发生。在大多数郡，南方库蚊是从春季到初夏（11月和12月）的主要蚊种，然后从仲夏到秋季（1月至4月）被环喙库蚊取代。在三个郡，班氏伊蚊和巨蚊在季节早期占主导地位。环喙库蚊和南方库蚊的密度都与温度有关。发现当平均环境温度超过6摄氏度时能捕获到南方库蚊成虫，种群峰值出现在20摄氏度时。当平均温度升至12摄氏度以上时，环喙库蚊成虫密度增加，在2月和3月温度超过25摄氏度时达到峰值。从4月起，环喙库蚊数量迅速下降，5月至11月未见成虫活动。伊蚊属的种群密度总体低于早期研究报告，可能是由于春夏降雨量减少以及洪水灌溉做法减少。每年，环喙库蚊密度与人类RR病毒发病率之间均检测到显著相关性。由于环喙库蚊是当地主要的蚊种，且以包括人类在内的广泛宿主为食，因此环喙库蚊似乎是内陆墨累河谷地区RR病毒的主要传播媒介。
