Trevarthen C
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996 Winter;20(4):571-86. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(95)00070-4.
Cerebral asymmetry of cognitive processing of stimulus information is commonly viewed as a neocortical phenomenon. However, a number of lines of evidence give innate asymmetry of brainstem motivating systems, which anticipate experience, a key role. Spontaneous asymmetries of gesture and emotion can be observed in infants, who entirely lack language and visuo-constructive skills. Motives for communication in early life may direct subsequent development of complementary cognitive systems in left and right hemispheres. In split-brain monkeys, lateralized motive sets, intentions for manipulation by one hand, can determine which hemisphere will see and learn. Evolutionary antecedents of cerebral asymmetry appear to affect motivation, social signalling and bimanual coordination, with secondary effect in perceptual processing and learning. The hemispheres of adult humans differ in links with neurochemical system that regulate motor initiatives, exploration and attention, and the approach/withdrawal balance in social encounters. Asymmetries in emotional and communicative behaviour in infancy support evidence that an Intrinsic Motive Formation emerging in the embryo human brain stem regulates asymmetries in development and in functioning of the cerebral cortex.
刺激信息认知加工的脑不对称通常被视为一种新皮质现象。然而，一系列证据表明，脑干动机系统的先天性不对称起着关键作用，该系统能预期经验。在完全缺乏语言和视觉建构技能的婴儿身上，可以观察到自发的手势和情感不对称。早期生命中的交流动机可能会引导左右半球互补认知系统的后续发展。在裂脑猴中，单侧动机集，即一只手的操作意图，可以决定哪个半球会进行观察和学习。脑不对称的进化前身似乎会影响动机、社交信号和双手协调，并在感知加工和学习中产生次要影响。成年人类的半球在与调节运动主动性、探索和注意力的神经化学系统的联系以及社交互动中的趋近/回避平衡方面存在差异。婴儿期情感和交流行为的不对称支持了这样的证据，即胚胎人类脑干中出现的内在动机形成调节着大脑皮质发育和功能的不对称。
