Seller H
I. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
Pflugers Arch. 1996;432(3 Suppl):R94-8.
In Carl Ludwig's laboratories in Leipzig, P. Owsjannikow (1871) and C. Dittmar (1873) performed precise, histologically controlled lesioning experiments into the question of the location of the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata. A small area in the ventrolateral parts of the medulla with its caudal border 3 mm cranial to the obex and an extension of 3-4 mm in cranial direction was described as the vasomotor area which has to be left intact for normal vasomotor tone and reflexes. This finding, ignored for more than 100 years, is the most precise description of what is known today as the location of spinally projecting sympatho-excitatory neurones, named the RVML region. Already in these early publications the question of the origin of basic vasomotor tone within these areas was raised and the possibilities of automaticity and reflexogenic input were discussed. Both possibilities are still valid today and under current investigation. A specific chemosensitivity of the RVLM neurones has been demonstrated during the recent decade and its role with regard to the generation of the sympathetic tone and the nervous control of the entire cardiovascular system is being discussed.
在卡尔·路德维希位于莱比锡的实验室里，P. 奥夫斯扬尼科夫（1871年）和C. 迪特马尔（1873年）针对延髓血管运动中枢的位置问题进行了精确的、组织学控制下的损伤实验。延髓腹外侧部分的一个小区域，其尾侧边界在闩上方3毫米处，向头侧延伸3 - 4毫米，被描述为血管运动区，为维持正常的血管运动张力和反射，该区域必须保持完整。这一发现被忽视了100多年，它是对如今所知的脊髓投射交感兴奋神经元所在位置（即RVML区域）的最精确描述。早在这些早期出版物中，就提出了这些区域内基本血管运动张力的起源问题，并讨论了自主性和反射性输入的可能性。这两种可能性如今仍然成立且正在接受研究。近十年来，已证实RVLM神经元具有特定的化学敏感性，并且正在讨论其在交感神经张力产生以及整个心血管系统神经控制方面的作用。
