Beissert S, Granstein R D
Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Germany.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Dec;31(5-6):381-404. doi: 10.3109/10409239609108723.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) present in sunlight is a major environmental factor capable of affecting human health and well being. The organ primarily affected by UVR is the skin, which is composed of a variety of different cell types. Here, UVR is needed for production of active vitamin D as well as producing undesirable effects such as sunburn, premature cutaneous photoaging, and promoting skin cancer development. Depending on the radiation dose, UVR influences virtually every cutaneous cell type investigated differently. Since the end of the nineteenth century, sun exposure has been known to induce skin cancer, which is now the human malignancy with the most rapidly increasing incidence. In several experimental models, mid-range UVR has been demonstrated to be the major cause of UV-induced cutaneous tumors. The stratospheric ozone layer protecting the terrestrial surface from higher quantum energy solar radiation is being damaged by industrial activities resulting in the possibility of increased UVR exposure in the future. Investigations in the field of experimental dermatology have shown that within the skin an immunosurveillance system exists that may be able to detect incipient neoplasms and to elicit a host responses against it. This article reviews the literature on studies designed to investigate the effects of UVR on cutaneous cellular components, with special focus on the immune system within the skin and the development of UV-induced cancer.
阳光中的紫外线辐射（UVR）是影响人类健康和福祉的主要环境因素。主要受UVR影响的器官是皮肤，它由多种不同类型的细胞组成。在这里，UVR对于活性维生素D的产生是必需的，同时也会产生诸如晒伤、皮肤过早光老化以及促进皮肤癌发展等不良影响。根据辐射剂量的不同，UVR对几乎每一种所研究的皮肤细胞类型的影响都有所不同。自19世纪末以来，人们就知道阳光照射会诱发皮肤癌，而皮肤癌现在是发病率增长最快的人类恶性肿瘤。在几个实验模型中，中等强度的UVR已被证明是紫外线诱导皮肤肿瘤的主要原因。保护地球表面免受更高量子能量太阳辐射的平流层臭氧层正受到工业活动的破坏，这导致未来UVR暴露增加的可能性。实验皮肤病学领域的研究表明，皮肤内存在一个免疫监视系统，该系统可能能够检测到早期肿瘤并引发机体对其的反应。本文综述了旨在研究UVR对皮肤细胞成分影响的文献，特别关注皮肤内的免疫系统以及紫外线诱导癌症的发展。
