Obi C L, Iyiegbuniwe A E, Olukoya D K, Babalola C, Igumbor E O, Okonta A A
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria.
Cent Afr J Med. 1996 Sep;42(9):258-61.
To ascertain the antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmids of Staphyl coccus aureus and coagulae negative staphylococci isolated from different clinical specimens in Lagos, Nigeria.
Prospective study involving the screening of specimens of blood, urine, skin and soft tissue infections, vagina, urethra, eye, ear, nose, pleural fluid and seminal fluid obtained from patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) and Providence Hospital Diagnostic Laboratories, Lagos, Nigeria.
A laboratory based study conducted in the Microbiology Unit, University of Lagos and the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) Lagos, Nigeria. The patients were from different communities in Lagos.
A total of 200 patients that were positive for the presence of S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) were employed in the study.
Frequency of isolation of S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) from the different clinical specimens determination of their resistance profile using standard techniques for the isolation of both organisms and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for antibiotic testing.
All the S. aureus and CONS isolates were sensitive to novobiocin and ofloxacin. Ninety eight (80 pc) of S. aureus isolates were resistant to tetracycline (Tet), 73 (60 pc) to Streptomycin (Str), and 49 (40 pc) to Chloramphenicol (Chl). All the S. aureus isolates were resistant to Penicillin (P) and only two (2 pc) and four (three pc) were resistant to Cefuroxime (Cxm) and Ceftriasone (Cro) in that order. Twenty six (21 pc) of S. aureus isolates were resistant to Methicillin. For CONS, 92 pc were resistant to Penicillin, 47 (60 pc) to streptomycin and 40 (51 pc) to tetracycline. Nineteen (24 pc) were resistant to Methicillin. Further antibiotic sensitivity results revealed the following patterns: 87 (71 pc) and 29 (36 pc) of S. aureus and CONS respectively showed P RTet"R, pattern of resistance. The resistance pattern PREryRGmRCazRCxmR was shown by only one (17 pc) of S. aureus and none (Opc) of CONS. Only 59% and four pc of S. aureus and CONS isolates showed resistance pattern ChlREryR, CazR respectively. Results of plasmid profiles showed that 48 (96 pc) of 50 S. aureus and 26 (87 pc) of 30 CONS isolates harboured one or more plasmids of molecular sizes ranging from 1.0 Kb to 19.5 Kb. Nine (19 pc) of 48 S. aureus and three (12 pc) of CONS isolates showed plasmid identity.
We assert that although isolates of S. aureus and CONS showed multiple antibiotic resistance which could be plasmid mediated, only about five pc of both organisms showed resistance pattern ChlREryRCazRTetRCxmRSxtRGmR and EryRGmRCazRCxmR and this is of chemotherapeutic importance. Both organisms, were highly sensitive to Ceftriazone, Ceforoxime and Gentamicin. The high levels of resistance of many antibiotics may be attributable to indiscriminate use or antibiotic abuse in the community.
确定从尼日利亚拉各斯不同临床标本中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的抗生素耐药模式及质粒情况。
前瞻性研究，对从尼日利亚拉各斯拉各斯大学教学医院（LUTH）和普罗维登斯医院诊断实验室就诊的患者获取的血液、尿液、皮肤及软组织感染、阴道、尿道、眼睛、耳朵、鼻子、胸腔积液和精液标本进行筛查。
在尼日利亚拉各斯大学微生物学单位和国家医学研究所（NIMR）进行的一项基于实验室的研究。患者来自拉各斯的不同社区。
本研究共纳入200例金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CONS）检测呈阳性的患者。
从不同临床标本中分离金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CONS）的频率；使用两种菌的标准分离技术及抗生素检测的 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法确定其耐药谱。
所有金黄色葡萄球菌和CONS分离株对新生霉素和氧氟沙星敏感。98株（80%）金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对四环素（Tet）耐药，73株（60%）对链霉素（Str）耐药，49株（40%）对氯霉素（Chl）耐药。所有金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对青霉素（P）耐药，仅2株（2%）和4株（3%）分别对头孢呋辛（Cxm）和头孢曲松（Cro）耐药。26株（21%）金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对甲氧西林耐药。对于CONS，92%对青霉素耐药，47株（60%）对链霉素耐药，40株（51%）对四环素耐药。19株（24%）对甲氧西林耐药。进一步的抗生素敏感性结果显示以下模式：87株（71%）金黄色葡萄球菌和29株（36%）CONS分别呈现P RTet"R耐药模式。仅1株（17%）金黄色葡萄球菌呈现PREryRGmRCazRCxmR耐药模式，CONS无此情况。仅59%的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株和4%的CONS分离株分别呈现ChlREryR、CazR耐药模式。质粒图谱结果显示，50株金黄色葡萄球菌中的48株（96%）和30株CONS中的26株（87%）携带一个或多个分子大小在1.0 Kb至19.5 Kb之间的质粒。48株金黄色葡萄球菌中的9株（19%）和CONS分离株中的3株（12%）显示质粒相同。
我们认为，尽管金黄色葡萄球菌和CONS分离株显示出多种可能由质粒介导的抗生素耐药性，但两种菌中仅约5%呈现ChlREryRCazRTetRCxmRSxtRGmR和EryRGmRCazRCxmR耐药模式，这具有化疗意义。两种菌对头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和庆大霉素高度敏感。许多抗生素的高耐药水平可能归因于社区中抗生素的滥用或不合理使用。
