Gebre-Sealsssie Solomon
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 21656/1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ethiop Med J. 2007 Oct;45(4):363-70.
The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in a hospital setting in Southwest Ethiopia.
The antimicrobial resistance pattern of common bacterial isolates was determined during January 2003 to July 2004. A total of 291 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated from different clinical specimens. Specimens collected included ear discharges, throat and wound swabs, as well as urine, sputum, stool and blood The specimens were obtained from consecutively attending adults and children at the out patient departments of Jimma Hospital. The specimens were inoculated onto appropriate culture media. Targeted species were identified following standard procedures. Using different panels of antibiotics, susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion method as outlined by Kirby-Bauer method The profile of the commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents was studied in accordance with the principles established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
One hundred seventy six Gram-positive and 115 Gram-negative bacterial species were isolated. Of these included Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci and Proteus species were isolated frequently in 72 (24.7%), 59 (20.3%) and 55 (18.9%) of the isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testes showed that methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found in 8.3% of the cases while methicillin resistant coaguuse negative staphylococci were detected in 10.3%. Of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 90.3% and 91.7% were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, respectively. Two (7.1%) of S. pneumoniae strains and 100% of Enterococci were resistant to penicillin. Proteues spp were resistant to tetracycline, polymyxin B, chloramphenicol and ampicillin in 90.9%, 92.7%, 67.3% and 58.2%, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Citrobacter and Enterobacter spp were 100% resistant to ampicillin. P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Proteus spp, S. aureus and Enterococci spp showed multiple drug resistance. All bacterial isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.
There is an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in some bacterial species. Ciprofloxacin was highly) effective antimicrobial agent in vitro against majority of the bacterial isolates. Health personnel should be aware and take necessary measures to control further increases in bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西南部一家医院环境中细菌对抗菌药物的耐药模式。
于2003年1月至2004年7月期间测定常见细菌分离株的抗菌耐药模式。共从不同临床标本中分离出291株革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌菌株。收集的标本包括耳分泌物、咽喉和伤口拭子，以及尿液、痰液、粪便和血液。这些标本取自吉姆马医院门诊部连续就诊的成人和儿童。将标本接种到合适的培养基上。按照标准程序鉴定目标菌种。使用不同的抗生素组合，采用 Kirby-Bauer 法概述的纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。根据美国国家临床实验室标准委员会制定的原则，研究常用抗菌药物的情况。
分离出176株革兰氏阳性菌和115株革兰氏阴性菌。其中金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和变形杆菌属分别在72株（24.7%）、59株（20.3%）和55株（18.9%）分离株中频繁分离到。抗菌药敏试验表明，8.3%的病例中发现耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，10.3%的病例中检测到耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。在金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中，分别有90.3%和91.7%对青霉素和氨苄西林耐药。2株（7.1%）肺炎链球菌菌株和100%的肠球菌对青霉素耐药。变形杆菌属对四环素、多粘菌素B、氯霉素和氨苄西林的耐药率分别为90.9%、92.7%、67.3%和58.2%。大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属和肠杆菌属对氨苄西林的耐药率为100%。铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、变形杆菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌属表现出多重耐药。所有细菌分离株对环丙沙星敏感。
一些细菌种类的抗菌耐药性呈上升趋势。环丙沙星在体外对大多数细菌分离株是高效抗菌剂。卫生人员应提高认识并采取必要措施，以控制细菌对抗生素耐药性的进一步增加。
