Page C, Ricard N
Département de biologie et des sciences de la santé de l'Université du Québec a Rimouski.
Can J Nurs Res. 1996 Fall;28(3):95-112.
Nursing research in the field of psychiatry and mental health must be based on nursing models if it is to make a real contribution to the development of a body of knowledge specific to nursing. This article describes the conceptual foundations and different stages involved in the development of an instrument (The Self-care Needs Inventory) in the framework of a study based on the Orem self-care nursing model (1991, 1995). The objective of this comparative descriptive study was to describe self-care requisites of women treated for depression. The concept of self-care requisites, the fundamental aspect on which this research is based, refers to the expression of a general goal that individuals pursue or should pursue in order to maintain or improve their health and well-being (Orem, 1991). To study the concept and pinpoint its major components, we correlated the concept with intermediate-level theories: social adjustment of women during and after an acute depressive episode, self-affirmation and realization, clinical manifestations of depression and how they are treated. These components were then made operational, i.e. measurable in concrete terms. A list of statements of specific self-care requisites was put together from various measurement tools used to evaluate identified components. The list was submitted to experts to establish its nominal validity. The instrument thus constituted was used with two groups : a group of women treated for depression (n = 30) and a group of women not treated for depression (n = 30). The women were asked to assign a value to each statement to reflect the importance they attached to the statement. The values were then compared to identify self-care requisites specific to women treated for depression.
精神病学和心理健康领域的护理研究若要对护理专业知识体系的发展做出实际贡献，就必须基于护理模式。本文描述了在一项基于奥瑞姆自我护理模式（1991年、1995年）的研究框架内开发一种工具（自我护理需求量表）所涉及的概念基础和不同阶段。这项比较性描述性研究的目的是描述接受抑郁症治疗的女性的自我护理需求。自我护理需求这一概念是本研究的基础核心，它指的是个体为维持或改善自身健康及幸福所追求或应追求的总体目标的体现（奥瑞姆，1991年）。为了研究这一概念并确定其主要组成部分，我们将该概念与中级理论相关联：急性抑郁发作期间及之后女性的社会适应、自我肯定与实现、抑郁症的临床表现及其治疗方式。然后将这些组成部分进行操作化，即具体可衡量。从用于评估已确定组成部分的各种测量工具中整理出一份特定自我护理需求的陈述清单。该清单提交给专家以确定其名义效度。由此构成的工具应用于两组人群：一组接受抑郁症治疗的女性（n = 30）和一组未接受抑郁症治疗的女性（n = 30）。要求这些女性为每条陈述赋值，以反映她们对该陈述的重视程度。然后对这些值进行比较，以确定接受抑郁症治疗的女性特有的自我护理需求。
