Leddy J, Horvath P, Rowland J, Pendergast D
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Jan;29(1):17-25. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199701000-00004.
Dietary fat may be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies suggest that restricting fat intake may compromise endurance performance and that increasing fat intake may improve endurance performance. We studied the effects of varying dietary fat intake on CHD risk factors in runners. Twelve male and 13 female runners increased fat from 16% to 30% of daily calories (4 wk each). Of this group, six males and six females increased fat to 42% of daily calories (4 wk). Physiological and lipoprotein risk factors were measured after each diet. Results were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Increasing dietary fat from 16% to 42% of daily calories did not change adiposity, weight, heart rate, blood pressure, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol. Apolipoprotein B, or the Apo A1/Apo B ratio. Compared with those eating higher fat, subjects eating 16% fat had lower HDL cholesterol (50 +/- 3 vs 62 +/- 3 mg.dl-1, P < 0.0001) and Apolipoprotein A1 (111 +/- 6 v. 134 +/- 6 mg/dl, P < 0.0005) and a higher TC/HDL-C ratio (4.05 +/- 0.27 vs 3.42 +/- 0.24, P < 0.0005). Runners who increased fat intake to 42% further raised HDL cholesterol (64 +/- 6 to 69 +/- 5 mg.dl-1, P < 0.04) without adversely affecting other lipoproteins. In conclusion, a 42% fat diet maintained favorable CHD risk factors in female and male runners whereas a 16% fat diet lowered Apo A1 and HDL-C and raised the TC/HDL-C ratio.
膳食脂肪可能与冠心病（CHD）有关。研究表明，限制脂肪摄入可能会损害耐力表现，而增加脂肪摄入可能会改善耐力表现。我们研究了不同膳食脂肪摄入量对跑步者冠心病风险因素的影响。12名男性和13名女性跑步者将脂肪摄入量从每日热量的16%增加到30%（各为期4周）。在这组人中，6名男性和6名女性将脂肪摄入量增加到每日热量的42%（为期4周）。每种饮食后测量生理和脂蛋白风险因素。结果通过重复测量方差分析进行分析。将膳食脂肪从每日热量的16%增加到42%，并未改变肥胖程度、体重、心率、血压、血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B或载脂蛋白A1/载脂蛋白B比值。与摄入较高脂肪的人相比，摄入16%脂肪的受试者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较低（50±3对62±3mg·dl-1，P<0.0001）、载脂蛋白A1水平较低（111±6对134±6mg/dl，P<0.0005），且总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值较高（4.05±0.27对3.42±0.24，P<0.0005）。将脂肪摄入量增加到42%的跑步者进一步提高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平（从64±6到69±5mg·dl-1，P<0.04），而未对其他脂蛋白产生不利影响。总之，42%脂肪饮食在女性和男性跑步者中维持了有利的冠心病风险因素，而16%脂肪饮食降低了载脂蛋白A1和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平，并提高了总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值。
