Less severe retinopathy of prematurity induced by surfactant replacement therapy.

To assess the effect of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) on the prevalence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), we compared data from 160 SRT-treated preterm infants with data from 230 historic controls. The prevalence of ROP was 30.6% in the treatment group and 23.4% in the control group. Severe ROP (stages 3-4) was seen in 6.1% of the infants with ROP in the treatment group and 20.3% of the ROP patients in the control group. Surfactant therapy had no influence on the prevalence of ROP (odds ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 0.797-2.459, p = 0.242). However, SRT was associated with a decreased risk for severe ROP, compared to mild ROP (odds ratio 0.226, 95% confidence interval 0.056-0.905, p = 0.036). These data suggest that SRT is associated with a decreased risk for severe ROP.