McVicar A, Clancy J
Faculty of Health and Social Work, Anglia Polytechnic University.
Br J Nurs. 1996;5(20):1264-70. doi: 10.12968/bjon.1996.5.20.1264.
The philosophy of holistic care underpins nurse education, and the 'nature-nurture debate' is frequently used to facilitate discussion regarding the influence of interactions with the environment in 'shaping' the individual. A limitation to this approach is that much of the work cited in the literature relates primarily to psychosocial interactions. This conveys a narrow perspective on holism, and creates an impression that the debate cannot be applied to other aspects of health and wellbeing, yet models of nursing care emphasize the need for nurses to appreciate the interactional basis of health. This article uses examples from mental health, physical health and the influence of ageing, to argue that interactions must be viewed from a much wider perspective. Only in doing so can the principles and application of holistic care, and an understanding of the bases of health education practices, be appreciated.
整体护理理念是护士教育的基础，“先天与后天的争论”常被用来推动关于与环境互动在“塑造”个体方面影响的讨论。这种方法的一个局限性在于，文献中引用的许多研究主要涉及心理社会互动。这传达了一种对整体论的狭隘观点，并给人一种印象，即这场争论不能应用于健康和幸福的其他方面，然而护理模式强调护士需要理解健康的互动基础。本文通过心理健康、身体健康以及衰老影响方面的例子，认为必须从更广泛的视角看待互动。只有这样，才能理解整体护理的原则和应用，以及健康教育实践的基础。
