McVicar A, Clancy J
School of Healthcare Practice, Anglia Polytechnic University, Colchester.
Br J Nurs. 1998;7(10):601-7. doi: 10.12968/bjon.1998.7.10.5686.
Nurse education curricula continue to emphasize the holistic nature of health and ill-health. As a concept, holism recognizes that the interactions between a person and his/her environment are significant factors in shaping the individual, and important determinants of wellbeing. Psychosocial interactions as a basis for health now figure prominently in nursing curricula. In contrast, the applied biological sciences have increasingly become marginalized, yet knowledge of the biological construct of the individual, and an understanding of how it is influenced by psychosocial interactions, are also necessary if holistic care is the aim. Nursing models attempt to reinforce holistic principles, but the integrative nature of health and illness needs to be established before their application. This article proposes that the concept of homeostasis, and its relationship to systems theory, provides a workable framework for teaching the basis of health, and so forms a foundation for the application of nursing theory and nursing models.
护士教育课程继续强调健康与疾病的整体性。作为一个概念，整体论认识到人与他/她的环境之间的相互作用是塑造个体的重要因素，也是幸福的重要决定因素。心理社会互动作为健康的基础，如今在护理课程中占据显著地位。相比之下，应用生物科学越来越被边缘化，然而，如果以整体护理为目标，对个体生物学结构的了解以及对其如何受到心理社会互动影响的理解也是必要的。护理模式试图强化整体原则，但在应用之前，需要先确立健康与疾病的综合性质。本文提出，内稳态概念及其与系统理论的关系，为教授健康基础提供了一个可行的框架，从而为护理理论和护理模式的应用奠定了基础。
