Fulcheri E
Istituto di Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Università di Genova.
Pathologica. 1996 Aug;88(4):291-6.
This brief work aims at drawing attention to the problems affecting museums of pathological anatomy and the possibility to revise their role and give them other purposes than the merely educational ones for which they are established. Current educational methods and tools, using sophisticated and modern audio-visual and multimedia systems, have been so thoroughly renewed that the preservation of anatomic specimens for exemplification and illustration is no longer a fundamental requirement. Clearly enough, Pathological Anatomy Museums need to change in order to meet new requirements and achieve new goals. Therefore, the creation as well as the revamping of a Museum should be based on the use of multimedia and interactive systems. These should include the collection of pictures of rare or peculiar cases as well as the possibility to propose pre-established educational programmes to students, while offering to scholars other programmes with different levels of difficulties and historical-documentary information. This is the approach followed by the experimental model implemented in our Institute which is presented in this work. Also, the Museum should be responsible for collecting and safeguarding rare anatomic material or specimens of particular interest from a historical-geographical and chronological point of view. The Museum should be a biologic archive from which information can be trapped for study and research works. For this reason, it should not be located only in one place, but the information and data therein contained should be made available, through a computer network, in the various centres and departments of Pathological Anatomy. Secondly, collections of dried osteologic materials should be properly preserved, since they are an important educational tool of great value for paleopathological studies. Finally, particular attention should be given to the oldest museums hosting collections of anatomic artworks such as wax impressions and casts, which, being the expression of a specific age and scientific attitude, are to be considered as a cultural heritage to be safeguarded.
这项简短的工作旨在引起人们对影响病理解剖博物馆的问题的关注，以及探讨是否有可能重新审视它们的作用，并赋予它们除了设立时单纯的教育目的之外的其他目的。当前的教育方法和工具，借助先进和现代的视听及多媒体系统，已经得到了彻底更新，以至于保存解剖标本用于举例和说明已不再是一项基本要求。显而易见，病理解剖博物馆需要做出改变，以满足新的需求并实现新的目标。因此，博物馆的创建以及改造应基于多媒体和交互式系统的使用。这些系统应包括收集罕见或特殊病例的图片，以及向学生提供预先设定的教育课程的可能性，同时为学者提供具有不同难度级别和历史文献信息的其他课程。这就是我们研究所实施的实验模型所采用的方法，本文对此进行了介绍。此外，博物馆应负责从历史地理和时间顺序的角度收集和保护珍稀解剖材料或特别有趣的标本。博物馆应成为一个生物档案库，从中可以获取信息用于学习和研究工作。出于这个原因，它不应仅位于一个地方，而应通过计算机网络，使其中包含的信息和数据在病理解剖学的各个中心和部门都能获取。其次，干燥的骨学材料收藏应妥善保存，因为它们是古病理学研究中具有重要价值的教育工具。最后，应特别关注那些收藏有解剖艺术作品（如蜡模和铸型）的最古老的博物馆，这些作品作为特定时代和科学态度的体现，应被视为有待保护的文化遗产。
