Ni H, Sacks J J, Curtis L, Cieslak P R, Hedberg K
Center for Disease Prevention and Epidemiology, Oregon Health Division, Department of Human Resources, Portland, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997 Jan;151(1):59-65. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170380063010.
To evaluate an Oregon law requiring bicyclists younger than 16 year to wear a helmet and to compare methods of measuring helmet use.
Four prelaw and postlaw statewide helmet use surveys: (1) statewide observations, (2) middle school observations, (3) classroom self-report surveys, and (4) a statewide adult telephone survey.
Oregon.
Statewide observations, 3313 child bicyclists at 13 sites; middle school observations, 995 child bicyclists at 33 randomly selected middle schools; classroom self-report surveys, fourth, sixth, and eighth graders in 448 classrooms (ie, 8955 students) before the law was effected and 456 classrooms (ie, 9811 students) after the law was effected in 66 randomly selected schools; and statewide telephone survey, 1219 randomly called parents of 1437 children younger than 16 years.
Prelaw and postlaw helmet use and ownership and knowledge and opinion about the law.
Observed helmet use among youth was 24.5% before the law was effected and 49.3% after the law was effected. School-observed use increased from 20.4% to 56.1%. Classroom survey self-reported "always" use of helmets increased from 14.7% to 39.4%; reported use on the day of the survey increased from 25.8% to 76.0%. Telephone survey-reported "always" helmet use increased from 36.8% to 65.7%. Younger children and girls were more likely to use helmets. Most students (ie, 87.8%) and parents (ie, 95.4%) knew about the law; however, only 42.6% of children thought the law was a good idea.
We conclude that (1) the law increased helmet use; (2) although use estimates differ, all helmet surveys showed similar degrees of prelaw and postlaw change; and (3) half of child bicyclists are still not wearing helmets, indicating a need for additional promotion of helmet wearing. Laws seem to be an effective way to increase helmet use.
评估俄勒冈州一项要求16岁以下骑自行车者佩戴头盔的法律，并比较测量头盔使用情况的方法。
在法律实施前后进行了四项全州范围的头盔使用情况调查：（1）全州范围的观察；（2）中学观察；（3）课堂自我报告调查；（4）全州范围的成人电话调查。
俄勒冈州。
全州范围的观察，在13个地点观察了3313名儿童骑自行车者；中学观察，在33所随机选择的中学观察了995名儿童骑自行车者；课堂自我报告调查，在法律实施前对448个教室（即8955名学生）的四年级、六年级和八年级学生进行调查，在法律实施后对66所随机选择学校的456个教室（即9811名学生）进行调查；全州范围的电话调查，随机拨打了1437名16岁以下儿童的1219名家长的电话。
法律实施前后的头盔使用情况、拥有情况以及对该法律的了解和看法。
在法律实施前，青少年中观察到的头盔使用率为24.5%，法律实施后为49.3%。学校观察到的使用率从20.4%提高到56.1%。课堂调查中自我报告“总是”佩戴头盔的比例从14.7%提高到39.4%；在调查当天报告佩戴头盔的比例从25.8%提高到76.0%。电话调查中报告“总是”佩戴头盔的比例从36.8%提高到65.7%。年龄较小的儿童和女孩更有可能佩戴头盔。大多数学生（即87.8%）和家长（即95.4%）知道这项法律；然而，只有42.6%的儿童认为这项法律是个好主意。
我们得出以下结论：（1）该法律提高了头盔使用率；（2）尽管使用率的估计有所不同，但所有头盔调查都显示出法律实施前后相似程度的变化；（3）仍有一半的儿童骑自行车者未佩戴头盔，这表明需要进一步推广头盔佩戴。法律似乎是提高头盔使用率的有效途径。
