Canosa C A
An Esp Pediatr. 1977 May;10(5):413-26.
A schematic review of some of the most significant sociocultural factors related to food intake throught life, either in developing or developed societies is presented. In both societies, sociocultural factors are of fundamental importance on the determination of feeding practices, thus its excess or deficit are of great relevance to physical growth, possibly mental development as well as on morbidty and mortality. In developing societies low social class and poor education are sinonimous of poor nutrition. However, if the whole population in developed societies are studied, it is proven once again that nutritional deficiencies do also exist among marginal groups of people, which are mainly produced by poor education, erroneous feeding practices, nutritional taboos during health and disease, byas and prejudices. It must follows that in these societies, relative large group of children are poorly fed during the critical periods of growth and development due to sociocultural factors. Only through the appropiate and enforced nutrition educational programs at all learning levels, primarw and higher education, as well as better and more complete nutritional curriculum at Medical and Public Health Schools could perhaps solve, the problem, or at least significant alleviated it. This is the hope.
本文对发展中或发达社会中与一生中食物摄入相关的一些最重要的社会文化因素进行了简要回顾。在这两种社会中，社会文化因素对于喂养方式的确定至关重要，因此其过多或不足与身体生长、可能的心理发展以及发病率和死亡率都密切相关。在发展中社会，低社会阶层和低教育水平意味着营养不良。然而，如果对发达社会的全体人口进行研究，会再次证明边缘人群中也存在营养缺乏问题，这主要是由教育程度低、错误的喂养方式、健康和疾病期间的营养禁忌、偏见和成见导致的。由此可见，在这些社会中，由于社会文化因素，相当大一部分儿童在生长发育的关键时期喂养不当。只有通过在各级学习阶段（小学和高等教育）实施适当且强化的营养教育计划，以及在医学院和公共卫生学院设置更好、更完整的营养课程，或许才能解决这个问题，或者至少显著缓解该问题。这就是希望所在。
