Ghillebaert F, Prodorutti D, Chaillou C, Roubaud P
Groupe d'Embryo-Toxicologie des Poissons du Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie et Toxicologie Cellulaire, Université Denis Diderot (Paris 7), case 7077, 2 Place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05, 75251, France.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1996 Dec;35(3):268-76. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1996.0110.
The toxicity of pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin was assessed by the "escaping capability" of carp larvae out of a trap. Mobility was tested after 1, 4, and 12 hr exposure to eight deltamethrin concentrations in standard water and after 24 hr exposure to seven deltamethrin concentrations in 18 media derived from the combinations of pH levels of 6.9, 7.8, 9.0, calcium concentrations of 2 . 10(-4) and 2 . 10(-2) M, and humic acid concentrations on 0, 5 and 100 mg/liter. In standard water, a 1-hr exposure at 4 microg/liter deltamethrin increased the mobility, while a 4-hr 32 microg/liter exposure decreased it. After 24 hr without deltamethrin, mobility was reduced at pH 6.9 and 7.8 and 2 . 10(-4) M calcium. It was also reduced in 100 mg/liter humic acids, especially when the former pH and calcium conditions were used. Humic acid effects could partly result from a calcium concentration reduction in water, and darkness due to humic acid coloration could play a minor role. Increasing humic acid concentration, calcium concentration, and pH reduced deltamethrin activity. In 0 or 5 mg/liter humic acids the No Observed Effect Concentration was 1 microg/liter, and in 100 mg/liter humic acid it was 2 microg/liter. Compared to previous results on deltamethrin-induced lethality, the escape test appeared less reproducible, but was 2 or 4 times more sensitive.
通过鲤鱼幼体从陷阱中“逃脱能力”评估拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂溴氰菊酯的毒性。在标准水中将鲤鱼幼体暴露于八种溴氰菊酯浓度下1、4和12小时后，以及在由pH值6.9、7.8、9.0、钙浓度2×10⁻⁴和2×10⁻²M以及腐殖酸浓度0、5和100mg/L组合而成的18种介质中暴露24小时后，测试其运动能力。在标准水中，4μg/L溴氰菊酯暴露1小时会提高运动能力，而32μg/L暴露4小时则会降低运动能力。在无溴氰菊酯暴露24小时后，在pH6.9和7.8以及2×10⁻⁴M钙条件下运动能力降低。在100mg/L腐殖酸中运动能力也降低，尤其是在前述pH和钙条件下。腐殖酸的影响可能部分源于水中钙浓度降低，且腐殖酸着色导致的黑暗可能起次要作用。腐殖酸浓度、钙浓度和pH升高会降低溴氰菊酯活性。在0或5mg/L腐殖酸中，无观察到影响浓度为1μg/L，在100mg/L腐殖酸中为2μg/L。与先前关于溴氰菊酯致死性的结果相比，逃脱试验的可重复性似乎较差，但敏感性高出2或4倍。
