Hammerschmidt M, Pelegri F, Mullins M C, Kane D A, Brand M, van Eeden F J, Furutani-Seiki M, Granato M, Haffter P, Heisenberg C P, Jiang Y J, Kelsh R N, Odenthal J, Warga R M, Nüsslein-Volhard C
Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung für Genetik, Tübingen, Germany.
Development. 1996 Dec;123:143-51. doi: 10.1242/dev.123.1.143.
We have identified several genes that are required for various morphogenetic processes during gastrulation and tail formation. Two genes are required in the anterior region of the body axis: one eyed pinhead (oep) and dirty nose (dns).oep mutant embryos are defective in prechordal plate formation and the specification of anterior and ventral structures of the central nervous system. In dns mutants, cells of the prechordal plate, such as the prospective hatching gland cells, fail to specify. Two genes are required for convergence and extension movements. In mutant trilobite embryos, extension movements on the dorsal side of the embryo are affected, whereas in the formerly described spadetail mutants, for which two new alleles have been isolated, convergent movements of ventrolateral cells to the dorsal side are blocked. Two genes are required for the development of the posterior end of the body axis. In pipetail mutants, the tailbud fails to move ventrally on the yolk sac after germ ring closure, and the tip of the tail fails to detach from the yolk tube. Mutants in kugelig (kgg) do not form the yolk tube at the posterior side of the yolk sac.
我们已经鉴定出几个在原肠胚形成和尾部形成过程中各种形态发生过程所必需的基因。身体轴前部区域需要两个基因：单眼针头（oep）和脏鼻（dns）。oep突变体胚胎在脊索前板形成以及中枢神经系统前部和腹侧结构的特化方面存在缺陷。在dns突变体中，脊索前板的细胞，如预期的孵化腺细胞，无法特化。收敛和延伸运动需要两个基因。在突变的三叶虫胚胎中，胚胎背侧的延伸运动受到影响，而在先前描述的spadetail突变体中（已分离出两个新等位基因），腹侧细胞向背侧的收敛运动受阻。身体轴后端的发育需要两个基因。在pipetail突变体中，胚环闭合后尾芽未能在卵黄囊上向腹侧移动，并且尾巴尖端未能从卵黄管分离。kugelig（kgg）突变体在卵黄囊后侧不形成卵黄管。
