DeMeester T R, Skinner D B, Evans R H, Benson D W
Ann Thorac Surg. 1977 Sep;24(3):278-83. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)63757-5.
Local glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerve block anesthesia for peroral endoscopy was performed on 500 patients (313 bronchoscopies, 162 esophagoscopies, 25 combined bronchoesophagoscopies). The technique allows easy insertion of rigid and flexible scopes or awake tracheal intubation of conscious patients. Glossopharyngeal nerve block causes temporary abolition of the gag reflex and loss of tactile sensation over the posterior third of the tongue and the lateral and posterior wall of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. Superior laryngeal nerve block results in loss of tactile sensation over the posterior surface of the epiglottis and the mucosa of the larynx and upper trachea. Ten of the 500 patients (2%) had an inadequate glossopharyngeal block, and 4 of the 313 patients who had a bronchoscopic examination had an inadequate superior laryngeal block. In the remaining patients, excellent anesthesia was obtained with good patient acceptance and minimal morbidity.
对500例患者（313例支气管镜检查、162例食管镜检查、25例支气管食管联合镜检查）进行了经口内镜检查的局部舌咽神经和喉上神经阻滞麻醉。该技术便于将硬质和柔性内镜插入，或对清醒患者进行清醒气管插管。舌咽神经阻滞可使咽反射暂时消失，并使舌后三分之一、口咽和下咽的侧壁及后壁触觉丧失。喉上神经阻滞会导致会厌后表面以及喉和气管上段黏膜的触觉丧失。500例患者中有10例（2%）舌咽神经阻滞效果不佳，313例接受支气管镜检查的患者中有4例喉上神经阻滞效果不佳。其余患者麻醉效果良好，患者接受度高，并发症发生率低。
