Schwyzer M, Ackermann M
Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
Vet Microbiol. 1996 Nov;53(1-2):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(96)01231-x.
Molecular virology has served to establish bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) as the prototype member of ruminant herpesviruses. Based on the genomic sequence of the virus, we aim to identify and characterize virus-specified components, to explain their concerted action, and to predict how the chain of events during the lytic and latent phases of the viral life cycle may be interrupted. The nucleotide sequence of the BHV-1 genome (136 kb) has just been completed by international cooperation (July 1995; except for a small gap in UL36). It comprises 67 unique genes and 2 genes, both duplicated, in the inverted repeats. In general, these genes exhibit strong homology at the amino acid sequence level to those of other alphaherpesviruses (HSV-1, VZV, EHV-1) and are arranged in similar order. A few genes are peculiar to only one or two herpesviruses, e.g. in BHV-1 the circ, UL0.5, UL3.5 and US1.5 genes. Not long ago, the repertoire of BHV-1 proteins under study was restricted to the three major glycoproteins (gB, gC, and gD) and thymidine kinase. The repertoire is now growing rapidly and includes 7 additional glycoproteins (gE, gI, gH, gL, gG, gK and gM), a number of enzymes (e.g. ribonucleotide reductase, DNA Polymerase, dUTPase), and a group of regulatory proteins (BICPO, 4, 22, and 27, alpha TIF). Investigations into the functions of these proteins and comparison with their counterparts in other herpesviruses should reveal which are useful targets for diagnosis, prevention or antiviral treatment. Recombinant viruses containing deletions or replacements of individual genes are being created, aiming at vaccine development and insights into pathogenesis, notably latency, neurotropism, and interference with host functions. Molecular analysis of other ruminant herpesviruses is much less advanced. Over a dozen virus species have been described; most share basic properties with BHV-1 and may be classified as alphaherpesviruses. The gammaherpesviruses are represented by the proposed agent of malignant catarrhal fever, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, and by bovine herpesvirus 4, whose partial sequences exhibit similarity to herpesvirus saimiri.
分子病毒学已将牛疱疹病毒1型（BHV - 1）确立为反刍动物疱疹病毒的原型成员。基于该病毒的基因组序列，我们旨在识别并表征病毒特异性成分，解释它们的协同作用，并预测病毒生命周期的裂解期和潜伏期的一系列事件可能如何被中断。BHV - 1基因组（136 kb）的核苷酸序列刚刚通过国际合作完成（1995年7月；UL36中有一个小缺口除外）。它包含67个独特基因以及位于反向重复序列中的2个重复基因。一般来说，这些基因在氨基酸序列水平上与其他α疱疹病毒（HSV - 1、VZV、EHV - 1）的基因具有很强的同源性，并且排列顺序相似。有少数基因仅为一两种疱疹病毒所特有，例如在BHV - 1中的circ、UL0.5、UL3.5和US1.5基因。不久前，所研究的BHV - 1蛋白种类还仅限于三种主要糖蛋白（gB、gC和gD）以及胸苷激酶。现在这个种类正在迅速增加，包括另外7种糖蛋白（gE、gI、gH、gL、gG、gK和gM）、一些酶（如核糖核苷酸还原酶、DNA聚合酶、dUTP酶）以及一组调节蛋白（BICPO、4、22和27、αTIF）。对这些蛋白功能的研究以及与其他疱疹病毒中相应蛋白的比较，应该能够揭示哪些是诊断、预防或抗病毒治疗有用的靶点。正在构建含有单个基因缺失或替换的重组病毒，旨在开发疫苗并深入了解发病机制，特别是潜伏期、嗜神经性以及对宿主功能的干扰。对其他反刍动物疱疹病毒的分子分析进展要少得多。已经描述了十几种病毒种类；大多数与BHV - 1具有基本特性，可能被归类为α疱疹病毒。γ疱疹病毒以恶性卡他热的假定病原体——羚羊疱疹病毒1型以及牛疱疹病毒4型为代表，其部分序列与猴疱疹病毒具有相似性。
