Zhivotovsky B, Burgess D H, Vanags D M, Orrenius S
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Jan 23;230(3):481-8. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.6016.
Programmed cell death (PCD), a genetically controlled cell deletion process, plays an important role in the regulation of cellular and tissue homeostasis. The requisite for proteolysis during PCD-induced apoptosis is well documented. The cellular proteolytic machinery includes numerous proteases localized in membranes, cytoplasm, and nucleus. This machinery may function to remove denatured or misfolded protein from the cytoplasm on a routine basis and may also cleave proteins thereby implementing their activation. The well established role of some proteases is to maintain fundamental cellular processes; however, the precise cellular location and function of other proteases which make a contribution to a unique unidirectional process such as apoptosis remains unclear. The functional overlap between 'scheduled' and 'unscheduled' proteolysis may potentially lead to confusion in this research area. In this review we will discuss certain cellular proteolytic systems and highlight the possible involvement of each in apoptosis.
程序性细胞死亡（PCD）是一种由基因控制的细胞清除过程，在细胞和组织稳态的调节中起着重要作用。PCD诱导的细胞凋亡过程中蛋白水解的必要性已有充分记录。细胞蛋白水解机制包括众多定位于细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核的蛋白酶。该机制可能常规性地发挥作用，从细胞质中清除变性或错误折叠的蛋白质，也可能切割蛋白质从而实现其激活。一些蛋白酶已确立的作用是维持基本的细胞过程；然而，其他对诸如细胞凋亡这种独特单向过程有贡献的蛋白酶的精确细胞定位和功能仍不清楚。“定时”和“非定时”蛋白水解之间的功能重叠可能会在该研究领域导致混淆。在本综述中，我们将讨论某些细胞蛋白水解系统，并强调每种系统可能参与细胞凋亡的情况。
