Stanley R
Lifecare NHS Trust, Surrey.
Br J Nurs. 1997;6(1):12-4, 16, 18-9 passim. doi: 10.12968/bjon.1997.6.1.12.
Behaviourism is a model of intervention for people with a learning disability which focuses on observable behaviour and methods of changing it. The behaviourist strategies do not typically place high value on some of the diagnostic labels that have been considered in the first two articles of this series (Vol 5(6): 364-8; Vol 5(8): 492-8). Rather, the behaviourist is concerned with the behaviours a particular individual shows. Behaviour modification is a particular methodology within psychotherapy that has many interpretations, ranging from a rigid orthodoxy through to an eclectic ecumenicism of theoretical models. The third article in this series on the management of continence in people with a learning disability examines the behavioural strategies that have been historically and are currently available to practitioners. The legacy of behaviour modification (1970s style) means that staff do sometimes perceive such strategies as treatment, whereas in fact the treatment is a combination of designing the environment, designing individual programmes and designing specific ways of developing more valuing forms of continence management.
行为主义是一种针对学习障碍者的干预模式，它关注可观察到的行为及其改变方法。行为主义策略通常不太重视本系列前两篇文章（第5卷第6期：364 - 38页；第5卷第8期：492 - 498页）中所讨论的一些诊断标签。相反，行为主义者关注的是特定个体所表现出的行为。行为矫正疗法是心理治疗中的一种特定方法，有多种解释，从严格的正统观念到各种理论模型的折衷融合。本系列关于学习障碍者大小便失禁管理的第三篇文章，考察了历史上以及当前从业者可采用的行为策略。行为矫正疗法（20世纪70年代风格）的遗留影响意味着，工作人员有时会将此类策略视为治疗方法，而实际上，治疗是环境设计、个性化方案设计以及开发更具价值的大小便失禁管理特定方式的综合。
