Kaufman J W, Scherer P W, Yang C C
Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Human Performance Technology Branch, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974, USA.
Toxicology. 1996 Dec 31;115(1-3):123-8. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03500-7.
Fires involving modern polymeric materials produce toxic vapours and particles of widely varying composition and size depending on available oxygen and localized temperatures. Adverse health effects of inhaled combustion-generated particles depend on physiological interactions at the airway deposition site. The present work is a theoretical investigation into the importance of airway humidity and temperature profiles, initial particle size, particle size distribution and ionic concentration on airway particle deposition. A modified numerical model accounting for hygroscopic particle growth was used to predict airway deposition of 0.1-10.0 microm mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) particles. Dynamic humidity profiles were generated with an unsteady state model of heat and water vapour transport. Results suggest that for hygroscopic particles < 2.0 microm, MMAD dynamic end-inspiratory humidity profiles produce up to 250% greater predicted nasopharyngeal deposition than steady state humidity profiles. Assuming combustion products are hygroscopic, these results also suggest that less pulmonary deposition will occur than previously predicted. In addition, higher upper airway concentrations of combustion products may have significant health consequences independent of pulmonary deposition patterns.
涉及现代聚合材料的火灾会产生有毒蒸汽和成分与大小差异很大的颗粒，这取决于可用氧气和局部温度。吸入燃烧产生的颗粒对健康的不良影响取决于气道沉积部位的生理相互作用。目前的工作是对气道湿度和温度分布、初始颗粒大小、颗粒大小分布以及离子浓度对气道颗粒沉积的重要性进行理论研究。使用一个考虑吸湿颗粒生长的改进数值模型来预测质量中值空气动力学直径（MMAD）为0.1 - 10.0微米的颗粒在气道中的沉积。通过热和水蒸气传输的非稳态模型生成动态湿度分布。结果表明，对于小于2.0微米的吸湿颗粒，MMAD动态吸气末湿度分布预测的鼻咽部沉积比稳态湿度分布高出多达250%。假设燃烧产物是吸湿的，这些结果还表明肺部沉积将比之前预测的少。此外，上呼吸道中较高浓度的燃烧产物可能会产生与肺部沉积模式无关的重大健康后果。
