Bachl A, Büchner B R, Stark W
Verein zur Förderung der Selbsthilfe und Selbstorganisation e.V., München.
Gesundheitswesen. 1996 Sep;58 Suppl 2:120-4.
Self-help groups formed increased since the beginning of the eighties; in the field of health especially chronically ill persons met to cope with their daily illness-related problems. As these self-help-initiatives developed into suppliers of services this study should provide information about the special quality of counselling concepts and other services. A telephone interview with 224 self-help initiatives revealed a high proportion of counselling activity (75%). Based on the concept of Grounded Theory a qualitative analysis shows that the perspectives "service provision" and "social support" examined separately so far can only be understood in their combination. Especially community narratives proved to be connecting structural elements on which counselling concepts are based. These community narratives were reconstructed from narrative patterns of stories, mottos, rituals and others. Further essential structural elements are the principle of mutuality, the collective search for a panacea, processes of empowerment and the reference to everday life and environment. The principle of self-help and empowerment is highly valued by the patients. To incorporate this principle in the health care system a closer cooperation of these two systems should be strived for. Therefore it is necessairy to develop a theory of self-help specific counselling in combination with results from salutogenesis research.
自80年代初以来，自助团体的数量不断增加；在健康领域，尤其是慢性病患者相聚一堂，以应对与疾病相关的日常问题。随着这些自助倡议发展成为服务供应商，本研究应提供有关咨询概念和其他服务的特殊质量的信息。对224项自助倡议进行的电话访谈显示，咨询活动的比例很高（75%）。基于扎根理论的概念，定性分析表明，到目前为止分别考察的“服务提供”和“社会支持”视角，只有在它们的结合中才能被理解。特别是社区叙事被证明是咨询概念所基于的连接结构要素。这些社区叙事是从故事、格言、仪式等的叙事模式中重构出来的。其他重要的结构要素是相互性原则、对万灵药的集体探寻、赋权过程以及对日常生活和环境的提及。自助和赋权原则深受患者重视。为了将这一原则纳入医疗保健系统，应努力促进这两个系统更紧密的合作。因此，有必要结合健康促进研究的结果，发展一种自助特定咨询理论。
