Taub D D
Clinical Services Programs, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702-1201, USA.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1996 Dec;7(4):355-76. doi: 10.1016/s1359-6101(97)89237-4.
Leukocyte recruitment from the circulation into inflammatory tissues requires a series of soluble and cell-bound signals between the responding leukocyte and vascular endothelial barrier. Chemotactic factors are believed to be responsible for this selective adhesion and transmigration. A superfamily of small, soluble, structurally-related molecules called 'chemokines' have been identified and shown to selectively promote the rapid adhesion and chemotaxis of a variety of leukocyte subtypes both in vivo and in vitro. Chemokines are produced by almost every cell type in the body in response to a number of inflammatory signals, in particular those which activate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. These molecules also appear to play important roles in hematopoesis, cellular activation, and leukocyte effector functions. In addition, chemokines have been found in the tissues of a variety of disease states characterized by distinct leukocytic infiltrates, including rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, atherosclerosis, asthma, psoriasis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, HIV replication, and a variety of pulmonary disease states. This review will primarily focus on the role of chemokines in cell adhesion and trafficking as well as their role as effector molecules.
白细胞从循环系统募集到炎症组织需要在反应性白细胞和血管内皮屏障之间存在一系列可溶性和细胞结合信号。趋化因子被认为负责这种选择性黏附和迁移。一类称为“趋化因子”的小的、可溶性的、结构相关分子超家族已被鉴定，并显示在体内和体外均能选择性促进多种白细胞亚型的快速黏附和趋化作用。趋化因子由体内几乎每种细胞类型产生，以响应多种炎症信号，特别是那些激活白细胞 - 内皮细胞相互作用的信号。这些分子似乎在造血、细胞活化和白细胞效应功能中也发挥重要作用。此外，在以不同白细胞浸润为特征的多种疾病状态的组织中发现了趋化因子，包括类风湿性关节炎、败血症、动脉粥样硬化、哮喘、银屑病、缺血/再灌注损伤、HIV复制以及多种肺部疾病状态。本综述将主要关注趋化因子在细胞黏附和运输中的作用以及它们作为效应分子的作用。
