Gese E M, Schultz R D, Johnson M R, Williams E S, Crabtree R L, Ruff R L
Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 1997 Jan;33(1):47-56. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-33.1.47.
From October 1989 to June 1993, we captured and sampled 110 coyotes (Canis latrans) for various diseases in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). Prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) was 100% for adults (> 24 months old), 100% for yearlings (12 to 24 months old), and 100% for old pups (4 to 12 months old); 0% of the young pups (< 3 months old) had antibodies against CPV. Presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) was associated with the age of the coyote, with 88%, 54%, 23%, and 0% prevalence among adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively. Prevalence of CDV antibodies declined over time from 100% in 1989 to 33% in 1992. The prevalence of canine infectious hepatitis (ICH) virus antibodies was 97%, 82%, 54%, and 33%, for adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively. The percentage of coyotes with ICH virus antibodies also declined over time from a high of 100% in 1989 to 31% in 1992, and 42% in 1993. Prevalence of antibodies against Yersinia pestis was 86%, 33%, 80%, and 7%, for adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively, and changed over time from 57% in 1991 to 0% in 1993. The prevalence of antibodies against Francisella tularensis was 21%, 17%, 10%, and 20%, for adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively. No coyotes had serologic evidence of exposure to brucellosis, either Brucella abortus or Brucella canis. No coyotes were seropositive to Leptospira interrogans (serovars canicola, hardjo, and icterohemorrhagiae). Prevalence of antibodies against L. interrogans serovar pomona was 7%, 0%, 0%, and 9%, for adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively. Antibodies against L. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa were present in 17% of adults and 0% of yearlings, old pups, and young pups. Many infectious canine pathogens (CPV, CDV, ICH virus) are prevalent in coyotes in Yellowstone National Park, with CPV influencing coyote pup survival during the first 3 months of life; eight of 21 transmitted pups died of CPV infection in 1992. The potential impact of these canine pathogens on wolves (C. lupus) reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park remains to be documented.
1989年10月至1993年6月，我们在美国怀俄明州黄石国家公园捕获并采集了110只郊狼（犬属）的样本以检测各种疾病。成年郊狼（年龄大于24个月）、一岁龄郊狼（12至24个月）和大龄幼犬（4至12个月）中犬细小病毒（CPV）抗体的阳性率均为100%；小于3个月的幼犬中CPV抗体阳性率为0%。犬瘟热病毒（CDV）抗体的存在与郊狼的年龄有关，成年郊狼、一岁龄郊狼、大龄幼犬和幼犬中CDV抗体阳性率分别为88%、54%、23%和0%。CDV抗体阳性率随时间下降，从1989年的100%降至1992年的33%。犬传染性肝炎（ICH）病毒抗体在成年郊狼、一岁龄郊狼、大龄幼犬和幼犬中的阳性率分别为97%、82%、54%和33%。有ICH病毒抗体的郊狼比例也随时间下降，从1989年的100%降至1992年的31%，1993年为42%。鼠疫耶尔森菌抗体在成年郊狼、一岁龄郊狼、大龄幼犬和幼犬中的阳性率分别为86%、33%、80%和7%，随时间从1991年的57%变为1993年的0%。土拉弗朗西斯菌抗体在成年郊狼、一岁龄郊狼、大龄幼犬和幼犬中的阳性率分别为21%、17%、10%和20%。没有郊狼有感染布鲁氏菌病（流产布鲁氏菌或犬布鲁氏菌）的血清学证据。没有郊狼对问号钩端螺旋体（犬型、哈焦型和出血黄疸型血清型）呈血清学阳性。成年郊狼、一岁龄郊狼、大龄幼犬和幼犬中波摩那钩端螺旋体血清型抗体的阳性率分别为7%、0%、0%和9%。成年郊狼中有17%存在犬型钩端螺旋体血清型抗体，一岁龄郊狼、大龄幼犬和幼犬中为0%。许多犬类传染性病原体（CPV、CDV、ICH病毒）在黄石国家公园的郊狼中普遍存在，CPV影响幼犬出生后前3个月的存活；1992年21只被传播的幼犬中有8只因CPV感染死亡。这些犬类病原体对重新引入黄石国家公园的狼（灰狼）的潜在影响仍有待记录。
