Felkey B G
School of Pharmacy, Aubum University, AL 36849-5506, USA.
Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997 Feb 1;54(3):274-80. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/54.3.274.
The application of informatics in a health system in general and to pharmacy in particular is discussed. Informatics is the use of information technology to enhance the quality of care, facilitate accountability, and assist in cost containment. Tying the pieces of health care into a seamless system using informatics principles yields a more rational approach to caregiving. A four-layer hierarchy of information systems can be found in any health system: layer 1, the foundational layer formed by a transaction-processing system; 2, the management information system; 3, decision support; and 4, advanced informatics applications such as expert systems. Other industries appear to be ahead of health care in investing in informatics applications. Pharmacy is one of the key health care professions that must adopt informatics. A stepwise structure for pharmacy informatics has been proposed; it consists of establishing a relationship with the patient, establishing a database, listing and ranking problems, choosing among alternatives, and planning and monitoring. Informatics should be approached by determining where the department is going strategically. Informatics standards will be needed. Pharmacists will need to use informatics to enhance their worth on the health care team and to improve patient care.
本文讨论了信息学在医疗系统中的应用，特别是在药学领域的应用。信息学是利用信息技术提高医疗质量、促进问责制并协助控制成本。运用信息学原理将医疗保健的各个环节整合为一个无缝系统，能产生更合理的护理方法。在任何医疗系统中都可以发现一个四层的信息系统层次结构：第1层，由事务处理系统构成的基础层；第2层，管理信息系统；第3层，决策支持；第4层，高级信息学应用，如专家系统。在信息学应用投资方面，其他行业似乎领先于医疗保健行业。药学是必须采用信息学的关键医疗保健专业之一。已提出药学信息学的逐步结构；它包括与患者建立关系、建立数据库、列出问题并进行排序、在备选方案中进行选择以及规划和监测。应通过确定该部门的战略发展方向来开展信息学工作。将需要信息学标准。药剂师将需要利用信息学来提升他们在医疗团队中的价值并改善患者护理。
