Epidemiology of mutations in superoxide dismutase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We registered 366 families in a study of dominantly inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Two hundred ninety families were screened for mutations in the gene encoding copper-zinc cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Mutations were detected in 68 families. The most common SOD1 mutation is an alanine for valine substitution in codon 4 (50%). We present clinical and genetic data concerning 112 families with 395 affected individuals. The clinical characteristics of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis arising from SOD1 mutations are similar to those lacking SOD1 defects. Mean age at onset was earlier (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.004) in the SOD1 group (46.9 years [standard deviation, 12.5] vs 50.5 years [11.5] in the non-SOD1 group). Bulbar onset was associated with a later onset age. The presence of either of two mutations, G37R and L38V, predicted an earlier age at onset. Kaplan-Meier plots demonstrated shorter survival in the SOD1 group compared with the non-SOD1 group at early survival times (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.0007). The presence of one mutation, A4V, correlated with shorter survival. G37R, G41D, and G93C mutations predicted longer survival. This information suggests it will be productive to investigate other genetic determinants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and to use epidemiological characteristics of the disease to help discern molecular mechanisms of motor neuron cell death.