Modulation of postthaw motility, survival, calcium uptake, and fertility of bovine sperm by female genital products.

Because the different portions of the female genital tract act in many ways on sperm metabolism, the current study was undertaken to modulate the survival and fertilizing ability of bovine semen by incorporation of products from the oviduct or the follicle in extenders before freezing. Motility rates at 6 h in vitro showed a net positive effect when biological factors from total retentate or from a fraction of bovine follicular fluid (total retentate = 43%; fraction 2 = 54%), oviductal cell culture (total retentate = 43%; fraction 2 = 58%), or granulosa cell culture (total retentate = 43%; fraction 3 = 53%) were added to the extenders compared with the addition of BSA (31%). Fraction 3 of granulosa cell culture retentate also had a significant stimulatory effect on the number of sperm that penetrated mucus of cows in estrous compared with BSA (n = 205 vs. n = 159). The intracellular sperm Ca2+ concentrations were very different across treatments after thawing. Sperm from straws with BSA had the highest concentration. At 4 h, intracellular Ca2+ concentration increased for all treatments, except that for sperm treated with BSA and Ca alone, internal Ca2+ declined. Heparin plus Ca stimulated a greater internalization of Ca2+ than did Ca alone for retentate from bovine follicular fluid, oviductal cell culture, and BSA treatments: glucose consistently and significantly reduced internalization. In vitro fertilization rates were similar, and no significant differences were observed across treatments.