Exton J H
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37295, USA.
Eur J Biochem. 1997 Jan 15;243(1-2):10-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00010.x.
Phospholipases are important enzymes in cell signal transduction since they hydrolyze membrane phospholipids to generate signalling molecules. Heterotrimeric guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) play a major role in their regulation by a variety of agonists that activate receptors with seven membrane-spanning domains. Phospholipases of the C type, which hydrolyze inositol phospholipids to yield inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, are regulated by the alpha and betagamma subunits of certain heterotrimeric G proteins as well as by receptor-associated and non-receptor-associated tyrosine kinases. Phospholipases of the D type, which hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid, are regulated by members of the ADP-ribosylation factor and Rho subfamilies of small G proteins, and by protein kinase C and other factors. This review presents recent information concerning the molecular details of G protein regulation of these phospholipases.
磷脂酶是细胞信号转导中的重要酶类，因为它们能水解膜磷脂以产生信号分子。异源三聚体鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合调节蛋白（G蛋白）在其由多种激活具有七个跨膜结构域受体的激动剂的调节中起主要作用。C型磷脂酶水解肌醇磷脂产生肌醇三磷酸和二酰基甘油，受某些异源三聚体G蛋白的α和βγ亚基以及受体相关和非受体相关酪氨酸激酶的调节。D型磷脂酶水解磷脂酰胆碱生成磷脂酸，受小G蛋白的ADP核糖基化因子和Rho亚家族成员以及蛋白激酶C和其他因子的调节。本综述介绍了有关这些磷脂酶的G蛋白调节分子细节的最新信息。
