Dufour D L, Staten L K, Reina J C, Spurr G B
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0233, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1997 Jan;102(1):5-15. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199701)102:1<5::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-0.
Economically impoverished women in Cali, Colombia, have restricted access to food in a city where food is abundant. Ethnographic observations, interviews and 2 day food records were used to better understand the coping strategies used by a group of these women (n = 85) to maintain adequate levels of energy intake. Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status were normal for the group. Interview data revealed that the ability to purchase food was a concern for 58% of the women. When faced with a restricted ability to purchase food, the women indicated they made compromises in meal composition, reduced portion sizes, and/or reduced the number of meals. They also relied on relatives, friends, neighbors, store credit, or local government programs for access to food. Changes in meal composition were identified in 17.1% of all diet records (n = 509). Low energy intake (defined as energy intake < or = 1.27 x BMR) was identified in 17.1% of all diet records. Carbohydrate consumption was significantly greater on low-energy intake days. The adequate nutritional status of this group of women suggests that their coping strategies are usually adequate to maintain energy intake, but the presence of uncertainty, the frequency of compromises in diet composition, and the frequency of low-energy intake days suggest that these women are at risk for undernutrition.
在哥伦比亚卡利市，尽管食物充裕，但经济贫困的女性获取食物的机会却很有限。通过人种学观察、访谈以及为期两天的食物记录，旨在更好地了解其中一组女性（n = 85）为维持足够能量摄入所采用的应对策略。该组女性的营养状况人体测量指标正常。访谈数据显示，58%的女性担心购买食物的能力。当购买食物的能力受限，这些女性表示她们会在膳食构成上做出妥协、减少食物分量和/或减少用餐次数。她们还依靠亲戚、朋友、邻居、商店赊账或当地政府项目来获取食物。在所有饮食记录（n = 509）中，17.1%发现有膳食构成的变化。在所有饮食记录中，17.1%发现存在低能量摄入情况（定义为能量摄入≤1.27×基础代谢率）。在低能量摄入日，碳水化合物的摄入量显著更高。这组女性良好的营养状况表明，她们的应对策略通常足以维持能量摄入，但存在的不确定性、饮食构成妥协的频率以及低能量摄入日的频率表明，这些女性存在营养不足的风险。
