Kieser J A, Groeneveld H T, Da Silva P C
Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1997 Jan;102(1):133-9. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199701)102:1<133::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-1.
This study examines the levels of fluctuating dental asymmetry in four samples of school children: those whose mothers were obese and had smoked during the pregnancy concerned (n = 111); those whose mothers were obese non-smokers (n = 114); those whose mothers were non-obese smokers (n = 104); and those whose mothers were lean non-smokers (n = 111). The degree of fluctuating asymmetry was assessed by means of a rescaled asymmetry measure. Obesity was defined as Quetelet's index in excess of 30, and smoking status as at least 20 cigarettes per day during the pregnancy concerned. When the magnitudes of fluctuating asymmetry in children of lean smokers were compared to the control group of lean non-smokers, no significant univariate differences were found. Children of obese mothers, whether these smoked or not, were found to have significantly raised levels of asymmetry. An analysis of variance confirmed that the combination of obesity and maternal smoking was a significant predictor of fluctuating dental asymmetry. The teeth involved tended to be the maxillary first incisor and molars. It is concluded that maternal obesity has a destabilizing effect on the developing fetus and that this effect appears to be enhanced in obese mothers who smoked. This effect was absent in lean mothers, irrespective of their smoking status.
其母亲在相关孕期肥胖且吸烟的儿童（n = 111）；其母亲肥胖但不吸烟的儿童（n = 114）；其母亲不肥胖但吸烟的儿童（n = 104）；以及其母亲体型瘦且不吸烟的儿童（n = 111）。通过重新调整的不对称测量方法评估波动不对称程度。肥胖定义为体重指数超过30，吸烟状况定义为在相关孕期每天至少吸20支烟。将体型瘦的吸烟者的子女与体型瘦的不吸烟者对照组进行比较时，未发现显著的单变量差异。发现肥胖母亲的子女，无论其母亲是否吸烟，其不对称水平均显著升高。方差分析证实，肥胖与母亲吸烟的组合是牙齿波动不对称的重要预测因素。受影响的牙齿往往是上颌第一恒切牙和磨牙。研究得出结论，母亲肥胖会对发育中的胎儿产生不稳定影响，而且这种影响在吸烟的肥胖母亲中似乎会增强。体型瘦的母亲无论吸烟状况如何，均未出现这种影响。
