Altman D G, Levine D W, Howard G, Hamilton H
Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1063, USA.
Tob Control. 1996 Autumn;5(3):192-8. doi: 10.1136/tc.5.3.192.
To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of tobacco growers and allotment owners in the southeastern United States.
Cross-sectional telephone survey.
Tobacco growers (n = 529) and tobacco allotment owners (n = 417) were interviewed by telephone in March 1995.
Tobacco growing states in the southeastern US.
Attitudes of tobacco growers and tobacco allotment owners towards, and experience with, diversification; and attitudes towards an increase in the federal excise tax on tobacco.
Half of the respondents had done something to learn about on-farm alternatives to tobacco, had an interest in trying other on-farm ventures to supplement tobacco income, and found alternatives that were profitable. There was a strong, negative linear trend between age and being interested in or trying alternative enterprises. Structural and economic impediments to diversification were noted by respondents (especially younger respondents), but 73% supported an increase in the federal excise tax on tobacco if the money was used to help farmers overcome these barriers.
These data suggest that farmers and health professionals have reason to establish dialogue around diversification and using excise tax increases to fund diversification and to promote health. Tobacco companies have been successful in mobilising farmers against tax increases, but efforts must be made to show farmers that tax increases can be beneficial both to their diversification efforts and to public health. The outcome of this dialogue may well affect the economic infrastructure of thousands of rural communities, the livelihood of tens of thousands of tobacco farmers and their families, and the health of millions of tobacco users.
评估美国东南部烟草种植者和分配地所有者的知识、态度及行为。
横断面电话调查。
1995年3月通过电话对529名烟草种植者和417名烟草分配地所有者进行了访谈。
美国东南部的烟草种植州。
烟草种植者和烟草分配地所有者对多样化的态度及相关经历；对提高联邦烟草消费税的态度。
一半的受访者采取过行动了解烟草种植的替代方案，有兴趣尝试其他农场经营项目以补充烟草收入，并且找到了有利可图的替代方案。年龄与对替代企业感兴趣或尝试替代企业之间存在强烈的负线性趋势。受访者（尤其是年轻受访者）指出了多样化面临的结构和经济障碍，但73%的受访者支持提高联邦烟草消费税，前提是这笔钱用于帮助农民克服这些障碍。
这些数据表明，农民和卫生专业人员有理由围绕多样化以及利用消费税增加来资助多样化和促进健康展开对话。烟草公司成功地动员农民反对提高税收，但必须努力向农民表明，提高税收对他们的多样化努力和公众健康都有益。这种对话的结果很可能会影响数千个农村社区的经济基础设施、数万名烟农及其家庭的生计以及数百万烟草使用者的健康。
