[Metastases of germ cell tumors to the ENT area--a rare differential diagnosis of lymph node metastases in unknown primary tumor].

BACKGROUND

Germ cell tumors of the testis usually metastasize to retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. Other lymphatic or organ metastases especially in the head and neck are rare.

CASE REPORTS

The cases of two men, ages 21 and 35, are presented. In both cases, the histologic examination of cervical lymph node specimen lead to the correct tumor diagnosis of testicular cancer. Multimodal urooncologic therapy led to long-lasting complete remissions in both cases.

CONCLUSIONS

In young men between 20 and 35 years of age with cervical metastases of tumors of unknown primary site, germ cell tumors must be suspected. Histologic findings of non-squamous epithelial metastases (seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, chorionic carcinoma, teratoma, yolk sack tumor, and their combined forms) with or without retroperitoneal, mediastinal, or lung metastases; elevated tumor markers (human-chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-feto-protein, placental alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase); and palpable intratesticular mass lead to the correct tumor diagnosis. Early detection of the disease is essential for successful therapy and long-term remission.