Murakami K, Kuroda M, Kishi K
1st Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
Kaibogaku Zasshi. 1996 Dec;71(6):638-49.
Fifteen halves of ten nonrandomized human cadavers were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope in order to examine the existence of variations in the constrictor pharyngeal muscles. Obvious variations of the constrictor muscles were found in three cases. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the first case of variations, the superior constrictors arose from the pterygomandibular raphe and merged into the outer surfaces of the middle and inferior constrictors. This muscle was supplied by the upper part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus. 2. In the second case, the muscle bundle of inferior constrictors originated from the thyroid cartilage and passed upward, joining the muscular fibers of the outer surface of the superior constrictors arising from the pterygomandibular raphe. Some of these muscular fibers extended to the surface of the posterior part of the pharyngobasilar fascia. This muscle was innervated by the lower part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus. 3. In the third case, the lower part of the superior constrictors passed laterally between the stylopharyngeus and the glossopharyngeal nerve, running between the external and internal carotids in the retrostyloid space and reaching the cervical fascia around the submandibular triangle. This anomalous muscular bundle of superior constrictors was innervated by the carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the middle part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus.
为了检查咽缩肌的变异情况，在立体显微镜下解剖了10具非随机选取的人类尸体的15侧标本。在3例中发现了咽缩肌的明显变异。结果总结如下：1. 在第一例变异中，咽上缩肌起自翼下颌缝，汇入咽中缩肌和咽下缩肌的外表面。该肌肉由迷走神经咽支的上部支配。2. 在第二例中，咽下缩肌的肌束起自甲状软骨并向上走行，与起自翼下颌缝的咽上缩肌外表面的肌纤维相连。其中一些肌纤维延伸至咽颅底筋膜后部的表面。该肌肉由迷走神经咽支的下部支配。3. 在第三例中，咽上缩肌的下部在茎突咽肌和舌咽神经之间向外侧走行，在茎突后间隙内位于颈外动脉和颈内动脉之间，到达下颌下三角周围的颈筋膜。咽上缩肌的这一异常肌束由舌咽神经的颈动脉支和迷走神经咽支的中部支配。
