Semple D, Findlow D, Aldridge L M, Doyle E
Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh.
Anaesthesia. 1996 Dec;51(12):1170-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15063.x.
Sixty boys aged up to 9 years undergoing orchidopexy were randomly allocated to receive one of three solutions for caudal epidural injection: group A received 1 ml.kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with 0.25 mg.kg-1 of preservative-free ketamine, group B received 1 ml.kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with ketamine 0.5 mg.kg-1 and group C received 1 ml.kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with 1 mg.kg-1 of ketamine. Postoperative pain was assessed by means of a modified Objective Pain Score and analgesia was administered if this score exceeded four. The median duration of caudal analgesia was 7.9 h in group A, 11 h in group B and 16.5 h in group C. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of motor block, urinary retention, postoperative vomiting or postoperative sedation. Group C had a significantly higher incidence of behavioural side effects, including slightly odd behaviour, vacant stares and abnormal effect than groups A and B.
60名年龄在9岁以下接受睾丸固定术的男孩被随机分配接受三种用于骶管硬膜外注射的溶液之一：A组接受1 ml.kg-1的0.25%布比卡因加0.25 mg.kg-1的无防腐剂氯胺酮，B组接受1 ml.kg-1的0.25%布比卡因加0.5 mg.kg-1氯胺酮，C组接受1 ml.kg-1的0.25%布比卡因加1 mg.kg-1氯胺酮。术后疼痛通过改良的客观疼痛评分进行评估，如果该评分超过4分则给予镇痛。A组骶管镇痛的中位持续时间为7.9小时，B组为11小时，C组为16.5小时。三组在运动阻滞、尿潴留、术后呕吐或术后镇静的发生率方面没有差异。C组行为副作用的发生率明显高于A组和B组，包括行为略显怪异、目光呆滞和异常反应。
