Cook B, Grubb D J, Aldridge L A, Doyle E
Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh.
Br J Anaesth. 1995 Dec;75(6):698-701. doi: 10.1093/bja/75.6.698.
Sixty boys, aged 1-10 yr, undergoing orchidopexy were allocated randomly to receive one of three solutions for caudal extradural injection. Group A received 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml kg-1 with adrenaline 5 micrograms ml-1 (1/200,000), group C received 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml kg-1 with clonidine 2 micrograms kg-1 and group K received 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml kg-1 with ketamine 0.5 mg kg-1. Postoperative pain was assessed using a modified objective pain score and analgesia was administered if this score exceeded 4. The median duration of caudal analgesia was 12.5 h in group K compared with 5.8 h in group C (P < 0.05) and 3.2 h in group A (P < 0.01). There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of motor block, urinary retention or postoperative sedation.
60名年龄在1至10岁接受睾丸固定术的男孩被随机分配接受三种用于骶管硬膜外注射溶液中的一种。A组接受0.25%布比卡因1毫升/千克加肾上腺素5微克/毫升（1/200,000），C组接受0.25%布比卡因1毫升/千克加可乐定2微克/千克，K组接受0.25%布比卡因1毫升/千克加氯胺酮0.5毫克/千克。术后疼痛采用改良的客观疼痛评分进行评估，如果该评分超过4分则给予镇痛治疗。K组骶管镇痛的中位持续时间为12.5小时，而C组为5.8小时（P<0.05），A组为3.2小时（P<0.01）。三组在运动阻滞、尿潴留或术后镇静的发生率方面无差异。
