Fixed dose combinations of ACE inhibitors.

First-line antihypertensive monotherapy is effective in reducing blood pressure to within the normal range in approximately 50% of patients. Normalisation in the remaining patients may require a combination of two or more drugs. This review considers the clinical efficacy and tolerability of combinations involving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The efficacy of combinations with diuretics or calcium antagonists, as initial therapy or in patients with inadequate responses to monotherapy, has been demonstrated in many trials. With combination therapy, normalisation rates approaching 80% can be achieved using submaximal doses of both components. Therapy with both combinations is well tolerated; with ACE inhibitors reducing the diuretic metabolic effects or counteracting some calcium antagonist-associated vasodilatory effects. Data on ACE inhibitors with beta-blockers are limited. When patients respond inadequately to first-line monotherapy, the increasing availability of drug combinations will allow individual selection of the most appropriate combination, taking account of additional risk factors and concomitant disease.