Campbell J M, Fahey G C, Wolf B W
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
J Nutr. 1997 Jan;127(1):130-6. doi: 10.1093/jn/127.1.130.
Certain indigestible oligosaccharides may benefit gastrointestinal tract health via fermentation and proliferation of desirable bacterial species. The purpose of this study was to elucidate effects of selected oligosaccharides on cecal and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, pH, total large bowel wet weight and wall weight, and gut microbiota levels in rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 1) control diet; 2) control diet + 5% microcrystalline cellulose (5% CC); 3) control diet + 5% CC + 6% fructooligosaccharides; 4) control diet + 5% CC + 6% oligofructose; or 5) control diet + 5% CC + 6% xylooligosaccharides. The control diet consisted of (dry matter basis) 20% protein, 65% carbohydrate, 10.5% fat, vitamin and mineral mixes. The duration of the study was 14 d. The oligofructose- and fructooligosaccharide-containing diets resulted in higher cecal butyrate concentrations compared with the control, cellulose and xylooligosaccharide diets. Generally, total cecal SCFA pools were higher while pH was lower from ingesting oligosaccharide-containing diets compared with control or cellulose diets. Cecal total weight and wall weight were higher from oligosaccharide consumption, whereas colonic total wet weight was higher for rats consuming xylooligosaccharides compared with other treatments; colon wall weight was unaffected by treatments. Cecal bifidobacteria and total anaerobes were higher whereas total aerobes were lower in rats fed oligosaccharide diets compared with those fed the control diet. Cecal lactobacilli levels were unaffected by treatment. Dietary incorporation of fermentable, indigestible oligosaccharides, by providing SCFA, lowering pH, and increasing bifidobacteria, may be beneficial in improving gastrointestinal health.
某些难消化的低聚糖可通过有益细菌的发酵和增殖来促进胃肠道健康。本研究的目的是阐明所选低聚糖对大鼠盲肠和粪便中短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度、pH值、大肠总湿重和壁重以及肠道微生物群水平的影响。50只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠被随机分为五种处理组之一：1）对照饮食；2）对照饮食+5%微晶纤维素（5%CC）；3）对照饮食+5%CC+6%低聚果糖；4）对照饮食+5%CC+6%菊粉型果聚糖；或5）对照饮食+5%CC+6%木寡糖。对照饮食由（干物质基础）20%蛋白质、65%碳水化合物、10.5%脂肪、维生素和矿物质混合物组成。研究持续时间为14天。与对照、纤维素和木寡糖饮食相比，含菊粉型果聚糖和低聚果糖的饮食导致盲肠丁酸盐浓度更高。一般来说，与对照或纤维素饮食相比，摄入含低聚糖的饮食时，盲肠SCFA总量更高而pH值更低。食用低聚糖会使盲肠总重量和壁重增加，而与其他处理相比，食用木寡糖的大鼠结肠总湿重更高；结肠壁重不受处理影响。与喂食对照饮食的大鼠相比，喂食含低聚糖饮食的大鼠盲肠双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数量更高，而总需氧菌数量更低。盲肠乳酸菌水平不受处理影响。通过提供SCFA、降低pH值和增加双歧杆菌，在饮食中添加可发酵的难消化低聚糖可能有利于改善胃肠道健康。
