Rector A L, Bechhofer S, Goble C A, Horrocks I, Nowlan W A, Solomon W D
GALEN Project, Department of Computer Science University of Manchester, UK.
Artif Intell Med. 1997 Feb;9(2):139-71. doi: 10.1016/s0933-3657(96)00369-7.
The GALEN representation and integration language (GRAIL) has been developed to support effective clinical user interfaces and extensible re-usable models of medical terminology. It has been used successfully to develop the prototype GALEN common reference (CORE) model for medical terminology and for a series of projects in clinical user interfaces within the GALEN and PEN&PAD projects. GRAIL is a description logic or frame language with novel features to support part-whole and other transitive relations and to support the GALEN modelling style aimed at re-use and application independence. GRAIL began as an experimental language. However, it has clarified many requirements for an effective knowledge representation language for clinical concepts. It still has numerous limitations despite its practical successes. The GRAIL experience is expected to form the basis for future languages which meet the same requirements but have greater expressiveness and more soundly based semantics. This paper provides a description and motivation for the GRAIL language and gives examples of the modelling paradigm which it supports.
盖伦表示与整合语言（GRAIL）已被开发出来，以支持有效的临床用户界面以及医学术语的可扩展、可重复使用模型。它已成功用于开发医学术语的盖伦通用参考（CORE）模型原型，以及盖伦和笔与垫（PEN&PAD）项目中一系列临床用户界面相关项目。GRAIL是一种描述逻辑或框架语言，具有支持部分-整体及其他传递关系的新颖特性，还支持旨在实现重复使用和应用独立性的盖伦建模风格。GRAIL最初是一种实验性语言。然而，它明确了许多对临床概念有效知识表示语言的要求。尽管取得了实际成功，但它仍有诸多局限性。预计GRAIL的经验将为未来满足相同要求但具有更强表达能力和更坚实语义基础的语言奠定基础。本文对GRAIL语言进行了描述并阐述了其动机，还给出了它所支持的建模范式示例。
