Yokoya K, Sasaki T, Shibasaki Y
Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
J Dent Res. 1997 Jan;76(1):580-7. doi: 10.1177/00220345970760010901.
To investigate the mechanism of alveolar bone remodeling in response to orthodontic force application, we examined the distribution of osteoclasts and pre-osteoclastic cells using quantitative immunohistochemistry of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase. For orthodontic force to be produced by the Waldo method, an orthodontic elastic band was inserted between the upper first and second molars of rats. The observed areas of periodontal tissues around second molars were the distal surfaces of mesial roots, as the pressure side, and the mesial surfaces of distal roots, as the tension side. Specific expression of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase at the ultrastructural level was detected in mononuclear and multinucleated pre-osteoclastic cells, as well as osteoclasts with ruffled borders on bone surfaces. At 6 hrs after orthodontic force application, many osteoclasts and pre-osteoclastic cells with H(+)-ATPase expression were first observed in vascular canals of the alveolar bone crest near the pressure side of the periodontal ligament, but the number of osteoclasts was not increased in the periodontal ligament. On day 1 after tooth movement, osteoclasts were increased in number in the periodontal ligament and in adjacent alveolar bones on the pressure side, but were seldom observed in corresponding areas on the tension side. The number of osteoclasts increased until day 7, but had decreased by day 14. These results suggest that, in bone remodeling during experimental tooth movement, (1) osteoclasts and pre-osteoclastic cells can be identified by H(+)-ATPase immunohistochemistry, (2) osteoclasts and pre-osteoclastic cells are rapidly induced after force application, (3) osteoclast induction first occurs in vascular canals of the alveolar bone crest on the pressure side, and then, (4) the number of osteoclasts increases in the periodontal ligament on the pressure side.
为研究正畸力作用下牙槽骨重塑的机制，我们采用液泡型H(+)-ATP酶的定量免疫组化方法，检测破骨细胞和前破骨细胞的分布情况。通过Waldo法施加正畸力，在大鼠上颌第一和第二磨牙间插入正畸弹力带。观察第二磨牙周围牙周组织的区域为近中牙根的远中面（压力侧）和远中牙根的近中面（张力侧）。在单核和多核前破骨细胞以及骨表面具有皱褶缘的破骨细胞中，检测到液泡型H(+)-ATP酶在超微结构水平的特异性表达。正畸力施加6小时后，首次在牙周膜压力侧附近牙槽嵴的血管通道中观察到许多表达H(+)-ATP酶的破骨细胞和前破骨细胞，但牙周膜中破骨细胞数量未增加。牙齿移动1天后，压力侧牙周膜和相邻牙槽骨中的破骨细胞数量增加，但在张力侧相应区域很少观察到。破骨细胞数量持续增加至第7天，但到第14天时减少。这些结果表明，在实验性牙齿移动过程中的骨重塑中，(1)可通过H(+)-ATP酶免疫组化识别破骨细胞和前破骨细胞；(2)力施加后破骨细胞和前破骨细胞迅速被诱导；(3)破骨细胞诱导首先发生在压力侧牙槽嵴的血管通道中，然后，(4)压力侧牙周膜中的破骨细胞数量增加。
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