Iatrogenic renal vascular injuries and their radiological management.

Twenty-nine patients with significant haematuria after a renal invasive procedure (27 of whom had undergone a percutaneous renal procedure and 2 surgical pyelolithotomy) were investigated with angiography. Out of the 21 patients with evidence of arterial injury, 19 were treated by transarterial embolization with gelfoam with or with hydrogel particles; (n = 11), steel coils with gelfoam (n = 4), hydrogel particles (n = 1), surgicel (n = 2), silk with gelfoam (n = 1). The efficacy and technique of the therapeutic embolization procedure is emphasized.