Management of bilateral ductus arteriosus in complex cyanotic heart disease.

Bilateral ductus arteriosus (BDA) usually is associated with complex cyanotic heart disease. Since pulmonary valve atresia often is part of the complex, hypoxia may necessitate emergency cardiac catheterization and surgery for these critically ill newborn infants. Optimum management depends on accurate delineation of the intracardiac and great vessel anatomy. Since the ductus arteriosus has a tendency to close spontaneously, the true anatomy of the fourth to sixth aortic arch connections should be determined on the first catheterization. An over-all plan for future care by the medical-surgical team should have been made at the time of the initial surgical procedure. The case histories of four newborn infants with BDA associated with cyanotic heart diseases are reported. The anatomy and basic embryology of the fourth to sixth arch system is reviewed and recommendations for long-term management are given.