Nicaeus T, Erb C, Rohrbach M, Thiel H J
Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen Abt. I (Allgemeine Augenheilkunde mit Poliklinik).
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1996 Oct;209(4):A7-11.
The most common eye injuries are non-perforating. Eye injuries in the workplace are a major cause of socioeconomical damage, morbidity and disability, despite well publicised standards for industrial eye protection. This study investigates the epidemiological and clinical aspects of 148 occupational cases.
At the University Eye Clinic of Tübingen, 709 non-perforating eye injuries were registered as occupational accidents between 1995 and 1996. Of these cases, 148 were analysed retrospectively per random.
The 5 most common injuries of 148 patients (m/f = 138/10; mean age 33.4 +/- 12 years) were related to corneal foreign body injuries (35%), chemical burns (15.5%), sub-conjunctival foreign bodies (12%), thermal/ultraviolet injuries (11%) and contusions (7.4%). Of these patients, 22.3% were employed as construction workers and 16.2% as metal workers. At the time of examination the visual acuity of the traumatic eye was 0.9 +/- 0.3. The interval between the beginning of work and accident was 6.2 +/- 6.4 hours in average (0.5-13.5 h). Of all accidents, 8.5% were caused during the first hour of work; in contrast 45.5% of all accidents were caused after 6 hours of work. Another 12.4 +/- 14.5 hours (5min.-72 h; median 7 h) passed by until the patients arrived for eye examination at the Eye Clinic of Tübingen. Only 6% of all patients arrived within the first hour, and 29.7% after 12 hours. Of all cases, 30.4% received first-aid treatment in their company by the factory doctor or by the eye doctor before examination at the Eye Clinic. Only 6.8% of all patients had protective spectacles during work. Incapacity was seen in 30.4%; the average in total was 5.5 +/- 10 days.
Despite the late examination at the Eye Clinic the functional loss was mostly little except after chemical burns. Nevertheless, most occupational accidents can be avoided with better protective devices in order to reduce the incidence of injuries and socioeconomical damage. Therefore an intense campaign about protective devices at the place of employment should be required. We conclude that education about safety glasses in the workplace by tradespeople and trades assistants during tasks for which goggles are recommended could considerably reduce the rate of occupational eye traumata. The data of the University Eye Clinic of Tübingen are useful to identify strategies to prevent eye injuries such as wider and better use of safety glasses and improvement in engineering controls.
最常见的眼外伤为非穿通性眼外伤。尽管工业护眼标准已广为人知，但工作场所的眼外伤仍是社会经济损害、发病和残疾的主要原因。本研究调查了148例职业性眼外伤病例的流行病学和临床特征。
在图宾根大学眼科诊所，1995年至1996年间登记了709例非穿通性职业性眼外伤事故。从这些病例中随机抽取148例进行回顾性分析。
148例患者（男/女 = 138/10；平均年龄33.4±12岁）中，5种最常见的损伤与角膜异物伤（35%）、化学烧伤（15.5%）、结膜下异物（12%）、热/紫外线伤（11%）和挫伤（7.4%）有关。这些患者中，22.3%受雇为建筑工人，16.2%为金属工人。检查时，伤眼的视力为0.9±0.3。工作开始至事故发生的平均间隔时间为6.2±6.4小时（0.5 - 13.5小时）。在所有事故中，8.5%发生在工作的第一小时内；相比之下，45.5%的事故发生在工作6小时之后。从事故发生到患者抵达图宾根眼科诊所接受眼部检查又过去了12.4±14.5小时（5分钟 - 72小时；中位数7小时）。所有患者中只有6%在第一小时内抵达，29.7%在12小时后抵达。在所有病例中，30.4%在公司由厂医或眼科医生进行了急救治疗，然后才到眼科诊所检查。所有患者中只有6.8%在工作时佩戴了防护眼镜。30.4%的患者出现了工作能力丧失；总计平均为5.5±10天。
尽管在眼科诊所检查较晚，但除化学烧伤外，功能损失大多较小。然而，使用更好的防护装置可避免大多数职业事故，以减少伤害发生率和社会经济损害。因此，应在工作场所开展关于防护装置的强化宣传活动。我们得出结论，在工作场所，由熟练工人和学徒在推荐佩戴护目镜的任务期间对安全眼镜进行培训，可大幅降低职业性眼外伤的发生率。图宾根大学眼科诊所的数据有助于确定预防眼外伤的策略，如更广泛、更好地使用安全眼镜以及改进工程控制措施。
