Integration of heterologous plasmid DNA into multiple sites on the genome of Campylobacter coli following natural transformation.

The efficiency of homologous recombination in Campylobacter coli following the introduction of DNA by natural transformation was determined by using a series of nonreplicating integrative vectors containing DNA fragments derived from the C. coli catalase gene. Homologous recombination occurred with as little as 286 homologous bp present and was not detected when 270 bases of homology was provided. Instead, when plasmids with little or no homology to the chromosome were introduced by natural transformation, the vector DNA became chromosomally integrated at random sites scattered throughout the C. coli genome. Southern analysis and nucleotide sequencing revealed that recombination had occurred between nonhomologous sequences and can therefore be described as illegitimate. There were at least five different recombination sites on plasmid pSP105. The ability of C. coli to acquire heterologous plasmids by natural transformation, and maintain them by chromosomal integration following illegitimate recombination, has fascinating implications for the genomic diversity and evolution of this species.