Cherek D R, Moeller F G, Schnapp W, Dougherty D M
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas-Houston, Health Science Center 77030, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Mar 1;41(5):514-22. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00059-5.
Male parolees were recruited into a laboratory study to determine the relationship between their previous aggression history, psychometric measures of aggression, and behavioral measures of aggressive responding using a laboratory methodology: the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm. Subjects were assigned to a violent or nonviolent group based upon their criminal history. Subjects participated in sessions in which they were given three response options defined as: (1) nonaggressive responding which earned money, (2) aggressive responding which ostensibly subtracted money from another fictitious person, (This responding was defined as aggressive since it resulted in the ostensible delivery of an aversive stimulus (subtraction of money) to another person), and (3) escape which protected the subject's earnings from subtractions initiated by the other person. Results indicated that the violent subjects emitted significantly more aggressive responses than subjects in the nonviolent group. The number of aggressive responses parolees emitted was significantly correlated with most psychometric measures of aggression. This study provides external validity for our laboratory measurement of human aggressive responding, since aggressive responding was directly related to violent criminal histories.
男性假释人员被招募进一项实验室研究，以使用一种实验室方法——点减法攻击范式，来确定他们既往的攻击史、攻击行为的心理测量指标与攻击反应的行为测量指标之间的关系。根据犯罪史将受试者分为暴力组或非暴力组。受试者参加实验环节，在这些环节中，他们有三种反应选项，分别为：（1）获得金钱的非攻击反应；（2）表面上从另一个虚构人物那里扣除金钱的攻击反应（这种反应被定义为攻击行为，因为它导致表面上向另一个人施加了厌恶刺激（扣除金钱））；（3）逃避，这可以保护受试者的收益不被他人扣除。结果表明，暴力组受试者比非暴力组受试者发出的攻击反应明显更多。假释人员发出的攻击反应数量与大多数攻击行为的心理测量指标显著相关。这项研究为我们对人类攻击反应的实验室测量提供了外部效度，因为攻击反应与暴力犯罪史直接相关。
