Macklin R
Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
World Health Stat Q. 1996;49(2):148-53.
Universal ethical principles can be used to analyse problems in reproductive health. The principle of beneficence obligates people to strive to bring about more beneficial consequences than harmful ones. The principle known as respect for persons presumes that all human beings have dignity and are worthy of respect. Showing equal respect for women as persons means recognizing their autonomy and treating them as capable decision-makers and full participants in medical decisions. A third leading concern of bioethics is justice, which requires a fair distribution of family planning methods, including access to safe abortion in cases of contraceptive failure.
普遍的伦理原则可用于分析生殖健康问题。行善原则要求人们努力带来更多有益后果而非有害后果。尊重人的原则假定所有人都有尊严且值得尊重。平等尊重女性意味着承认她们的自主性，并将她们视为有能力的决策者和医疗决策的充分参与者。生物伦理学的第三个主要关注点是公正，这要求公平分配计划生育方法，包括在避孕失败的情况下提供安全堕胎的途径。
