Tatagiba M, Brösamle C, Schwab M E
Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Neurosurgery. 1997 Mar;40(3):541-6; discussion 546-7. doi: 10.1097/00006123-199703000-00023.
The axons of peripheral nerves have a high capacity for regeneration after injury, whereas injury to the axons in the adult central nervous system (CNS) of higher species does not generally result in regeneration. In recent years, significant developments in neuroscience research have resulted in an improved understanding of the processes involved in the axonal response to CNS trauma. Myelin-associated proteins in the CNS white matter play a crucial role as strong inhibitors of the growth of nerve fibers. Neutralization of these proteins by monoclonal antibody IN-1 directed against the inhibitory proteins led to pronounced axonal regeneration in the adult spinal cords of lesioned rats. The morphological findings were recently complemented by the demonstration of very significant functional improvements in rats with transection lesions of their spinal cords after treatment with the antibody IN-1 that neutralizes the myelin-associated nerve growth inhibitors. Moreover, several neurotrophic factors that promote axonal survival and sprouting in the peripheral nervous system and the CNS have been identified in recent years. The combined use of specific neurotrophic factors and the IN-1 antibody in different experimental procedures, including spinal cord injury, have significantly improved regenerative axonal growth. We briefly review these recent developments in CNS axonal regeneration research and discuss possible clinical applications.
周围神经的轴突在损伤后具有很高的再生能力，而高等物种成年中枢神经系统（CNS）中的轴突损伤通常不会导致再生。近年来，神经科学研究取得了重大进展，人们对轴突对中枢神经系统创伤的反应过程有了更深入的了解。中枢神经系统白质中的髓磷脂相关蛋白作为神经纤维生长的强抑制剂发挥着关键作用。针对这些抑制蛋白的单克隆抗体IN-1对这些蛋白的中和作用导致损伤大鼠成年脊髓中出现明显的轴突再生。最近，在用中和髓磷脂相关神经生长抑制剂的抗体IN-1治疗脊髓横断损伤的大鼠中，功能有了非常显著的改善，这一结果补充了形态学研究结果。此外，近年来还发现了几种促进周围神经系统和中枢神经系统轴突存活和发芽的神经营养因子。在包括脊髓损伤在内的不同实验过程中，特定神经营养因子与IN-1抗体的联合使用显著改善了轴突的再生生长。我们简要回顾了中枢神经系统轴突再生研究的这些最新进展，并讨论了可能的临床应用。
