Seidman L J, Biederman J, Faraone S V, Weber W, Mennin D, Jones J
Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Mar;36(3):366-73. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199703000-00015.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to have neuropsychological consequences that are evident from psychological tests and from measures of school failure. However, most available data are based on studies of boys. Our goal was to assess, in this pilot study, whether ADHD in girls expressed neuropsychological features similar to those found in boys.
Subjects were 43 girls, aged 6 to 17 years, with DSM-III-R ADHD and 36 comparison girls without ADHD. Information on neuropsychological performance was obtained in a standardized manner blind to clinical status.
Girls with ADHD were significantly more impaired on estimated IQ than comparison girls despite being matched on other demographic variables. Relative to comparison girls, the girls with ADHD were also significantly more impaired on the Freedom From Distractibility subtests of the WISC-R and on arithmetic and reading achievement scores. Although their mean performance on executive function tests was generally poorer than that of control girls, there were no statistically significant differences on these measures.
Girls with ADHD have impairments in some tests of attention and achievement. However, neuropsychological performance on tests of executive function was less impaired than that previously documented in boys with ADHD. If confirmed in a larger sample, these findings suggest that girls with ADHD may be less vulnerable to executive function deficits than boys.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）具有神经心理学后果，这在心理测试和学业失败的衡量指标中很明显。然而，大多数现有数据基于对男孩的研究。在这项初步研究中，我们的目标是评估患有ADHD的女孩是否表现出与男孩相似的神经心理学特征。
研究对象为43名年龄在6至17岁之间、患有DSM-III-R型ADHD的女孩以及36名未患ADHD的对照女孩。以对临床状态不知情的标准化方式获取神经心理学表现信息。
尽管在其他人口统计学变量上相匹配，但患有ADHD的女孩在估计智商方面的受损程度明显高于对照女孩。相对于对照女孩，患有ADHD的女孩在韦氏儿童智力量表修订版（WISC-R）的注意力不分散分测验以及算术和阅读成绩得分方面也明显受损更严重。尽管她们在执行功能测试中的平均表现通常比对照女孩差，但在这些指标上没有统计学上的显著差异。
患有ADHD的女孩在某些注意力和成绩测试中存在受损情况。然而，她们在执行功能测试中的神经心理学表现受损程度低于先前记录的患有ADHD的男孩。如果在更大样本中得到证实，这些发现表明患有ADHD的女孩可能比男孩更不容易出现执行功能缺陷。
