Suzuki J, Gao M, Batra S, Koyama T
Laboratory of Sports Physiology, Research and Education Centre for Winter Sports, Hokkaido University of Education, Japan.
Acta Physiol Scand. 1997 Feb;159(2):113-21. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.582353000.x.
The effects of a 6-week programme of endurance training on soleus muscle capillarity were examined, in terms particularly of the proportions of arteriolar and venular capillaries and their capillary domain area, in young (3-week-old) and middle-aged (54-week-old) Wistar rats. Exercise protocols for the young training group were: 10-22.5 m min-1 60 min day-1 for 6 days a week, with a gradient of 7 degrees during the final 2 weeks; for the middle-aged training group, the protocols were: 10-20 m min-1. 50 min day-1 for 6 days a week. In both young and middle-aged training groups, the density of arteriolar capillaries was significantly increased (P < 0.05), but that of venular and intermediate capillaries was decreased slightly. The proportion of arteriolar capillaries therefore was significantly (P < 0.05) increased, from 63.9 to 73.1% in young rats and from 33.0 to 48.4%, in middle-aged rats after training. The increase in the proportion of arteriolar capillaries is an advantageous adaptation to exercise-induced increases in oxygen demand. In both young and middle-aged rats, capillary domain area and Krogh's tissue cylinder radii in all capillary portions decreased after training. These results suggest that adaptive changes in oxygen transport system, identified as an increase in the arteriolar capillary and a reduction in diffusion distance for oxygen, were observed in middle-aged as well as in young rats. However, capillary angiogenesis induced by exercise appeared to be greater in young than in middle-aged rats.
研究了为期6周的耐力训练计划对青年（3周龄）和中年（54周龄）Wistar大鼠比目鱼肌毛细血管的影响，特别是小动脉毛细血管和小静脉毛细血管的比例及其毛细血管领域面积。青年训练组的运动方案为：每周6天，每天60分钟，速度为10 - 22.5米/分钟，在最后2周坡度为7度；中年训练组的运动方案为：每周6天，每天50分钟，速度为10 - 20米/分钟。在青年和中年训练组中，小动脉毛细血管密度均显著增加（P < 0.05），但小静脉和中间毛细血管密度略有下降。因此，小动脉毛细血管的比例显著增加（P < 0.05），青年大鼠从63.9%增至73.1%，中年大鼠从33.0%增至48.4%。小动脉毛细血管比例的增加是对运动诱导的氧气需求增加的一种有利适应。在青年和中年大鼠中，训练后所有毛细血管部分的毛细血管领域面积和克罗格组织圆柱体半径均减小。这些结果表明，在中年和青年大鼠中均观察到了氧运输系统的适应性变化，表现为小动脉毛细血管增加和氧气扩散距离缩短。然而，运动诱导的毛细血管生成在青年大鼠中似乎比中年大鼠更明显。
